Low-Voltage-Operated Highly Sensitive Graphene Hall Elements by Ionic Gating

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4226-4232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonggyu Kim ◽  
Junhong Na ◽  
Min-Kyu Joo ◽  
Dongseok Suh
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Hall Elements

Highly sensitive, low-voltage, organic photomultiple photodetectors exhibiting broadband response

2010 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 103301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Chung Chen ◽  
Shang-Chieh Chien ◽  
Guan-Lin Cious
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Highly Sensitive

A Highly Sensitive, Direct X-Ray Detector Based on a Low-Voltage Organic Field-Effect Transistor

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1600409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Lai ◽  
Piero Cosseddu ◽  
Laura Basiricò ◽  
Andrea Ciavatti ◽  
Beatrice Fraboni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Organic Field Effect Transistor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Effect Transistor

scholarly journals Low Voltage FESEM of Geological Materials

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Chi Ma ◽  
George R. Rossman
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Industrial Minerals ◽  
Geological Materials ◽  
Ore Processing ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Beam Damage ◽  
Area Determination

Low voltage field emission SEM (i.e., operated at several hundred volts to 5 kV), offering advantages in surface imaging due to reduced beam penetration,1 was found to be particularly useful in the investigation of uncoated, fine, geological materials down to the nano-scale. Here are four examples to highlight projects being conducted in our FESEM facility.Kaolinite is one of the most important industrial minerals. Information about its surface properties and cation exchange capacity are important in both ore processing and applications of the clay mineral.2 Low voltage (LV) secondary electron (SE) imaging (Fig. la) reveals detailed (001) surface features of kaolinite, which are not obtainable with high voltage SEM (Fig. lb) and TEM. Kaolinite is highly sensitive to beam damage and can show obvious degradation after just a few seconds under the TEM beam. However, microtomed TEM samples maybe easily examined under LV SEM to show their thickness perpendicular to (001) and cross section features. Such information allows easy access to direct surface area determination of clay minerals.

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

Processing of human melanoma cells for correlative TEM, LVSEM, and LM

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
Marek Malecki ◽  
J. Victor Small ◽  
James Pawley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Integrin Receptors ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Develop Technology ◽  
Voltage Scanning ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adhesion

The relative roles of adhesion and locomotion in malignancy have yet to be clearly established. In a tumor, subpopulations of cells may be recognized according to their capacity to invade neighbouring tissue,or to enter the blood stream and metastasize. The mechanisms of adhesion and locomotion are themselves tightly linked to the cytoskeletal apparatus and cell surface topology, including expression of integrin receptors. In our studies on melanomas with Fluorescent Microscopy (FM) and Cell Sorter(FACS), we noticed that cells in cultures derived from metastases had more numerous actin bundles, then cells from primary foci. Following this track, we attempted to develop technology allowing to compare ultrastructure of these cells using correlative Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM) and Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy(LVSEM).

High-pressure freezing of cells in suspension for low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM)

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Marek Malecki ◽  
James Pawley ◽  
Hans Ris
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Cell Culture Media ◽  
Voltage Scanning

The ultrastructure of cells suspended in physiological fluids or cell culture media can only be studied if the living processes are stopped while the cells remain in suspension. Attachment of living cells to carrier surfaces to facilitate further processing for electron microscopy produces a rapid reorganization of cell structure eradicating most traces of the structures present when the cells were in suspension. The structure of cells in suspension can be immobilized by either chemical fixation or, much faster, by rapid freezing (cryo-immobilization). The fixation speed is particularly important in studies of cell surface reorganization over time. High pressure freezing provides conditions where specimens up to 500μm thick can be frozen in milliseconds without ice crystal damage. This volume is sufficient for cells to remain in suspension until frozen. However, special procedures are needed to assure that the unattached cells are not lost during subsequent processing for LVSEM or HVEM using freeze-substitution or freeze drying. We recently developed such a procedure.

Development of a conical anode Fe-gun for low voltage SEM

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 978-979
Author(s):  
T. Miyokawa ◽  
S. Norioka ◽  
S. Goto
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Irradiation Damage ◽  
Cold Cathode ◽  
Virtual Source ◽  
Source Position ◽  
Electrostatic Lens ◽  
Electrostatic Lenses ◽  
Wide Range

Field emission SEMs (FE-SEMs) are becoming popular due to their high resolution needs. In the field of semiconductor product, it is demanded to use the low accelerating voltage FE-SEM to avoid the electron irradiation damage and the electron charging up on samples. However the accelerating voltage of usual SEM with FE-gun is limited until 1 kV, which is not enough small for the present demands, because the virtual source goes far from the tip in lower accelerating voltages. This virtual source position depends on the shape of the electrostatic lens. So, we investigated several types of electrostatic lenses to be applicable to the lower accelerating voltage. In the result, it is found a field emission gun with a conical anode is effectively applied for a wide range of low accelerating voltages.A field emission gun usually consists of a field emission tip (cold cathode) and the Butler type electrostatic lens.

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