Enhanced Electrochemical Stability of TiO2-Protected, Al-doped ZnO Transparent Conducting Oxide Synthesized by Atomic Layer Deposition

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (50) ◽  
pp. 43691-43698 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Justin Reed ◽  
Hamed Mehrabi ◽  
Zebulon G. Schichtl ◽  
Robert H. Coridan
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Layer Deposition ◽  
Transparent Conducting Oxide ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Electrochemical Stability ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Doped Zno

Atomic layer deposition of Ga-doped ZnO transparent conducting oxide substrates for CdTe-based photovoltaics

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 01A120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Chalker ◽  
Paul A. Marshall ◽  
Simon Romani ◽  
Joseph W. Roberts ◽  
Stuart J. C. Irvine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Layer Deposition ◽  
Transparent Conducting Oxide ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Oxide Substrates ◽  
Doped Zno

Atomic Layer Deposition of Gallium-Doped Zinc Oxide Transparent Conducting Oxide films

2011 ◽  
Vol 1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Chalker ◽  
Paul A. Marshall ◽  
Simon Romani ◽  
Matthew J. Rosseinsky ◽  
Simon Rushworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Atomic Layer Deposition ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Transparent Conducting Oxide ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Contactless Measurement ◽  
Zinc Oxide Films ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
Layer Deposition

ABSTRACTThin transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films of gallium-doped zinc oxide have been deposited on glass substrates by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using diethyl zinc, triethyl gallium and water vapour as precursors. The gallium-doped zinc oxide films were deposited over the temperature range 100-350°C. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the as-deposited films are polycrystalline in character. The electrical resistivity of the gallium-doped zinc oxide films was evaluated using four-point probe and contactless measurement methods as a function of film thickness. The lowest sheet resistance of 16 Ω/☐ was measured from a film thickness of 400nm and a gallium content of 5 atomic percent. The electron Hall mobility of this film was 12.3 cm2/Vs. The visible transmittance of the films was 78% with a haze of 0.2%.

Doping Mechanism in Transparent, Conducting Tantalum Doped ZnO Films Deposited Using Atomic Layer Deposition

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (21) ◽  
pp. 1600496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengning Gao ◽  
Yoon Myung ◽  
Xing Huang ◽  
Ravi Kanjolia ◽  
Jeunghee Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Layer Deposition ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Doping Mechanism ◽  
Doped Zno

Workfunction of Al-Doped ZnO Films Deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter George Gordon ◽  
Goran Bacic ◽  
Gregory P. Lopinski ◽  
Sean Thomas Barry
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Layer Deposition ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
Transparent Conductor ◽  
Kelvin Probe ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Earth Abundant ◽  
Doped Zno

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) is a promising earth-abundant alternative to Sn-doped In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (ITO) as an n-type transparent conductor for electronic and photovoltaic devices; AZO is also more straightforward to deposit by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The workfunction of this material is particularly important for the design of optoelectronic devices. We have deposited AZO films with resistivities as low as 1.1 x 10<sup>-3</sup> Ωcm by ALD using the industry-standard precursors trimethylaluminum (TMA), diethylzinc (DEZ), and water at 200<sup>◦</sup>C. These films were transparent and their elemental compositions showed reasonable agreement with the pulse program ratios. The workfunction of these films was measured using a scanning Kelvin Probe (sKP) to investigate the role of aluminum concentration. In addition, the workfunction of AZO films prepared by two different ALD recipes were compared: a “surface” recipe wherein the TMA was pulsed at the top of each repeating AZO stack, and a interlamellar recipe where the TMA pulse was introduced halfway through the stack. As aluminum doping increases, the surface recipe produces films with a consistently higher workfunction as compared to the interlamellar recipe. The resistivity of the surface recipe films show a minimum at a 1:16 Al:Zn atomic ratio and using an interlamellar recipe, minimum resistivity was seen at 1:19. The film thicknesses were characterized by ellipsometry, chemical composition by EDX, and resistivity by four-point probe.<br>

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