scholarly journals TiO2-Capped Gold Nanorods for Plasmon-Enhanced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Photothermal Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Agents

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (33) ◽  
pp. 27965-27971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangcan He ◽  
Chenchen Mao ◽  
Michael Brasino ◽  
Albert Harguindey ◽  
Wounjhang Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Gold Nanorods ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Enhanced Production

scholarly journals Chemical Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Radiosensitization and Radioprotection: A Review of Structure-Function Relationships Influencing Reactive Oxygen Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Howard ◽  
Sonia Sebastian ◽  
Quy Van-Chanh Le ◽  
Benjamin Thierry ◽  
Ivan Kempson
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Physico Chemical

Metal nanoparticles are of increasing interest with respect to radiosensitization. The physical mechanisms of dose enhancement from X-rays interacting with nanoparticles has been well described theoretically, however have been insufficient in adequately explaining radiobiological response. Further confounding experimental observations is examples of radioprotection. Consequently, other mechanisms have gained increasing attention, especially via enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to chemical-based mechanisms. Despite the large number of variables differing between published studies, a consensus identifies ROS-related mechanisms as being of significant importance. Understanding the structure-function relationship in enhancing ROS generation will guide optimization of metal nanoparticle radiosensitisers with respect to maximizing oxidative damage to cancer cells. This review highlights the physico-chemical mechanisms involved in enhancing ROS, commonly used assays and experimental considerations, variables involved in enhancing ROS generation and damage to cells and identifies current gaps in the literature that deserve attention. ROS generation and the radiobiological effects are shown to be highly complex with respect to nanoparticle physico-chemical properties and their fate within cells. There are a number of potential biological targets impacted by enhancing, or scavenging, ROS which add significant complexity to directly linking specific nanoparticle properties to a macroscale radiobiological result.

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Key components in Cancer Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswa Mohan Sahoo ◽  
Bimal Krishna Banik ◽  
Preetismita Borah ◽  
Adya Jain
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Organelles

: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) refer to the highly reactive substances, which contain oxygen radicals. Hypochlorous acid, peroxides, superoxide, singlet oxygen, alpha-oxygen and hydroxyl radicals are the major examples of ROS. Generally, the reduction of oxygen (O2) in molecular form produces superoxide (•O2−) anion. ROS are produced during a variety of biochemical reactions within the cell organelles, such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and peroxisome. Naturally, ROS are also formed as a byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen. The production of ROS can be induced by various factors such as heavy metals, tobacco, smoke, drugs, xenobiotics, pollutants and radiation. From various experimental studies, it is reported that ROS act as either tumor suppressing or tumor promoting agent. The elevated levels of ROS can arrest the growth of tumor through the persistent increase in cell cycle inhibition. The increased level of ROS can induce apoptosis by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. ROS are considered to be tumor suppressing agent as the production of ROS is due to the use of most of the chemotherapeutic agents in order to activate the cell death. The cytotoxic effect of ROS provides impetus towards apoptosis, but in higher levels, ROS can cause initiation of malignancy that leads to uncontrolled cell death in cancer cells. Whereas, some species of ROS can influence various activities at the cellular level that include cell proliferation. This review highlights the genesis of ROS within cells by various routes and their role in cancer therapies.

scholarly journals Radiation Induces Endothelial Dysfunction in Murine Intestinal Arterioles via Enhanced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossama A. Hatoum ◽  
Mary F. Otterson ◽  
Doron Kopelman ◽  
Hiroto Miura ◽  
Igor Sukhotnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Enhanced Production
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