Agarose-Based Substrate Modification Technique for Chemical and Physical Guiding of Neurons In Vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (33) ◽  
pp. 18769-18777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Krumpholz ◽  
Julia Rogal ◽  
Akram El Hasni ◽  
Uwe Schnakenberg ◽  
Peter Bräunig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Modification ◽  
Modification Technique

Viral control of the SUMO pathway: Gam1, a model system

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1419-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chiocca
Keyword(s):  
Viral Protein ◽  
Model System ◽  
Regulatory Pathway ◽  
Viral Control ◽  
Substrate Modification ◽  
Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme ◽  
Sumo Pathway ◽  
Protein Ligases

SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is a ubiquitin-like family member that is conjugated to its substrates through discrete enzymatic steps: activation, involving the E1 enzyme [SAE (SUMO-activating enzyme) 1–SAE2], conjugation, involving the E2 enzyme [Ubc9 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9)], and substrate modification, through the co-operation of Ubc9 and E3 protein ligases. Work from our laboratory has shown the first example of a viral protein, Gam1, that binds to the E1 heterodimer, inhibiting its function and causing a complete block of the SUMOylation pathway both in vivo and in vitro, followed by SAE1–SAE2 degradation. The mechanism by which a viral protein inactivates and subsequently degrades an essential cellular enzyme, arresting a key regulatory pathway, will be discussed. Although four distinct SUMO isoforms have been described, I will use SUMO to describe the entire system.

In vitro secondary spreading from dissociating blastoderm-derived embryonic tissues of the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans W. Laale
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Brachydanio Rerio ◽  
Membrane Formation ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Substrate Modification ◽  
Culture Substrate ◽  
Epidermal Membrane ◽  
Medium Conditioning

Brachydanio rerio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) blastoderm-derived embryos, deprived of their epidermis in in vitro culture, dissociate and their tissues disperse radially upon the culture substrate. The phenomenon, referred to as secondary spreading, follows primary epidermal membrane formation and dissociation and spans a period from 18 days to 40 days of culture at 24 °C.Secondary spreads and associated cell types and cellular phenomena are described, and medium conditioning, substrate modification, degeneration, and necrosis are discussed.

Dynamic voltage threshold adjusted substrate modification technique for complex atypical atrial flutters with varying circuits

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1273-1280
Author(s):  
Nilubon Methachittiphan ◽  
Nazem Akoum ◽  
Rakesh Gopinathannair ◽  
Patrick M Boyle ◽  
Arun R. Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Voltage Threshold ◽  
Substrate Modification ◽  
Dynamic Voltage ◽  
Modification Technique

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

In Vitro Induction of Crystals of MT Protein by Vinblastine-Colcemid in Mouse Spermatids

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John J. Wolosewick ◽  
John H. D. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nuclear Ring ◽  
Rough Er ◽  
Distal Direction ◽  
In Vitro Induction

Early in spermiogenesis the manchette is rapidly assembled in a distal direction from the nuclear-ring-densities. The association of vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the manchette microtubules (MTS) has been reported. In the mouse, osmophilic densities at the distal ends of the manchette are the organizing centers (MTOCS), and are associated with the SER. Rapid MT assembly and the lack of rough ER suggests that there is an existing pool of MT protein. Colcemid potentiates the reaction of vinblastine with tubulin and was used in this investigation to detect this protein.

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

Immunoenzymatic demonstration of the simultaneous presence of transferrin, hemopexin and albumin in a same hepatocyte and their ultrastructural localization

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
M. Kraemer ◽  
J. Foucrier ◽  
J. Vassy ◽  
M.T. Chalumeau
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Monospecific Antisera ◽  
Different Levels

Some authors using immunofluorescent techniques had already suggested that some hepatocytes are able to synthetize several plasma proteins. In vitro studies on normal cells or on cells issued of murine hepatomas raise the same conclusion. These works could be indications of an hepatocyte functionnal non-specialization, meanwhile the authors never give direct topographic proofs suitable with this hypothesis.The use of immunoenzymatic techniques after obtention of monospecific antisera had seemed to us useful to bring forward a better knowledge of this problem. We have studied three carrier proteins (transferrin = Tf, hemopexin = Hx, albumin = Alb) operating at different levels in iron metabolism by demonstrating and localizing the adult rat hepatocytes involved in their synthesis.Immunological, histological and ultrastructural methods have been described in a previous work.

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