Superelastic and Fire-Retardant Nano-/Microfibrous Sponges for High-Efficiency Warmth Retention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihong Zhang ◽  
Xiaobao Gong ◽  
Sai Wang ◽  
Yucheng Tian ◽  
Yitao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Warmth Retention

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION THE FIRE HAZARD OF PLYWOODS USING A CONE CALORIMETER

Wood Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-942
Author(s):  
ZHIGANG WU ◽  
XUE DENG ◽  
LIFEN LI ◽  
LIPING YU ◽  
JIE CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Safety Level

A high-efficiency fire retardant composition was prepared with dicyandiamide, phosphoric acid, boric acid, borax, urea and magnesium sulfate and it was used to process veneers which were then to prepare the plywood. Meanwhile, heat release and smoke release from combustion of plywood were tested by a cone calorimeter, including heat release rate, mass loss rate, CO yield, CO2 yield and oxygen consumption. Results showed that the plywood with this fire retardant treatment had the better flame-retardant performance and smoke suppression effect as well as the stronger char-forming capability compared to plywood without fire retardant treatment. The average heat release rate, total heat release, average effective heat of combustion, total smoke release, CO yield and oxygen consumption of the plywood with fire retardant treatment were decreased by 63.72%, 91.94%, 53.70%, 76.81%, 84.99% and 91.86%, respectively. Moreover, the fire growth index of plywood treated by fire retardant was relatively low (3.454 kW·m-2·s-1) and it took longer time to reach the peak heat release rate, accompanied with slow fire spreading. The fire performance index was relatively high (0.136 s·m2·kW-1) and it took longer time to be ignited, thus leaving a long time for escaping at fire accidents. The fire hazard of plywood with fire retardant treatment was low, and its safety level was high.

scholarly journals Trade-Off in Fire-Retardant Solar Cell Materials and Environmental Issues

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashiro Akitsu ◽  
Kenta Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Organic Thin Films ◽  
Silicon Compound ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
In Fire

In recent years, several types of solar cells, such as polycrystalline silicon, compound semiconductor and organic thin films, have been and grown and developed as one of the promising renewable energy devices for low cost and safety compared with nuclear power generation. They were composed from many components and their materials generally. As for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC), which may be high efficiency and easy to assemble but not be expensive so much, not only inorganic titanium oxide and organic or metal complex dyes but also organic solvents as electrolyte. Furthermore, a condensing lens made of plastic are also used to improve power generating efficiency.

scholarly journals High-Efficiency Lithium Metal Batteries with Fire-Retardant Electrolytes

Joule ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 1548-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuru Chen ◽  
Jianming Zheng ◽  
Lu Yu ◽  
Xiaodi Ren ◽  
Mark H. Engelhard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Lithium Metal Batteries

scholarly journals INCREASING OF THERMAL FIRE RESISTANCE OF COTTON THREADS

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
N. A. Keibal ◽  
V. F. Kablov ◽  
D. S. Shipovskaya ◽  
L. K. Buneeva
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Cotton Threads

The results of studies of fire - resistant impregnating compositions based on an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol and an antipyretic additive-methylphosphite borate are presented. The effectiveness of single-stage processing of cotton threads with these impregnating compositions has been proved. It is established that the developed impregnating compositions for cotton threads have shown high efficiency of thermal and fire-retardant action. The influence of the developed impregnation formulations on water absorption and strength of cotton threads was evaluated.

Microcalorimeters for X-Ray Spectroscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
E. Silver ◽  
C. Hailey ◽  
S. Labov ◽  
N. Madden ◽  
D. Landis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
High Resolution Spectroscopy ◽  
Superconducting Transition ◽  
Sapphire Substrates ◽  
Laboratory Plasmas ◽  
Adiabatic Demagnetization ◽  
Theoretical Predictions

The merits of microcalorimetry below 1°K for high resolution spectroscopy has become widely recognized on theoretical grounds. By combining the high efficiency, broadband spectral sensitivity of traditional photoelectric detectors with the high resolution capabilities characteristic of dispersive spectrometers, the microcalorimeter could potentially revolutionize spectroscopic measurements of astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. In actuality, however, the performance of prototype instruments has fallen short of theoretical predictions and practical detectors are still unavailable for use as laboratory and space-based instruments. These issues are currently being addressed by the new collaborative initiative between LLNL, LBL, U.C.I., U.C.B., and U.C.D.. Microcalorimeters of various types are being developed and tested at temperatures of 1.4, 0.3, and 0.1°K. These include monolithic devices made from NTD Germanium and composite configurations using sapphire substrates with temperature sensors fabricated from NTD Germanium, evaporative films of Germanium-Gold alloy, or material with superconducting transition edges. A new approache to low noise pulse counting electronics has been developed that allows the ultimate speed of the device to be determined solely by the detector thermal response and geometry. Our laboratory studies of the thermal and resistive properties of these and other candidate materials should enable us to characterize the pulse shape and subsequently predict the ultimate performance. We are building a compact adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator for conveniently reaching 0.1°K in the laboratory and for use in future satellite-borne missions. A description of this instrument together with results from our most recent experiments will be presented.

Imaging and diffraction modes in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 684-687
Author(s):  
J. M. Cowley ◽  
R. Glaisher ◽  
J. A. Lin ◽  
H.-J. Ou
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Image Intensifier ◽  
Detector System ◽  
Detector Plane ◽  
Secondary Electrons ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Special Detector

Some of the most important applications of STEM depend on the variety of imaging and diffraction made possible by the versatility of the detector system and the serial nature, of the image acquisition. A special detector system, previously described, has been added to our STEM instrument to allow us to take full advantage of this versatility. In this, the diffraction pattern in the detector plane may be formed on either of two phosphor screens, one with P47 (very fast) phosphor and the other with P20 (high efficiency) phosphor. The light from the phosphor is conveyed through a fiber-optic rod to an image intensifier and TV system and may be photographed, recorded on videotape, or stored digitally on a frame store. The P47 screen has a hole through it to allow electrons to enter a Gatan EELS spectrometer. Recently a modified SEM detector has been added so that high resolution (10Å) imaging with secondary electrons may be used in conjunction with other modes.

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