How to Choose an Interfacial Modifier for Organic Photovoltaics Using Simple Surface Energy Considerations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Yang ◽  
Bing Cao ◽  
Peter Müller-Buschbaum
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Simple Surface ◽  
Interfacial Modifier

The role of surface energy control in organic photovoltaics based on solar paints

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 9202-9214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furqan Almyahi ◽  
Thomas R. Andersen ◽  
Adam Fahy ◽  
Michael Dickinson ◽  
Krishna Feron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Surface Wettability ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Energy Control

The fabrication of organic photovoltaic devices from aqueous solar nanoparticle (ASNP) inks or solar paints is challenging, driven by the often competing requirements of maintaining emulsion stability whilst simultaneously facilitating surface wettability.

Evaluate the Simple Surface Energy of Aggregates Using the Capillary Rise Method

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 100973
Author(s):  
M. R. Mitchell ◽  
R. E. Link ◽  
Dennis Sinkonde ◽  
Hao Pei Wen ◽  
Xiao Qing Yi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Capillary Rise Method ◽  
Simple Surface

scholarly journals Xác định lượng bốc thoát nước thực tế tại lưu vực sông Cầu bằng ứng dụng tư liệu ảnh Landsat

2016 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Văn Hùng Nguyễn
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Simple Surface ◽  
Balance Index

Bốc thoát hơi nước bề mặt đất ET (evapotranspiration) là quá trình chuyển đổi khối lượng nước từ bề mặt (đất) thành hơi nước (bốc hơi) và từ thảm thực vật (thoát hơi nước) vào bầu không khí. Với sự phát triển của công nghệ viễn thám, trong những năm gần đây các nhà nghiên cứu trên thế giới đang từng bước ứng dụng công nghệ viễn thám để xác định lượng bốc thoát hơi nước thực tế ETa, giảm đáng kể về chi phí và công sức cho công tác quan trắc ngoại nghiệp. Bài báo giới thiệu ứng dụng phương pháp Chỉ số cân bằng năng lượng bức xạ bề mặt đơn giản (Simple Surface Energy Balance Index) [7] ước tính lượng bốc thoát hơi nước thực tế ETa (mm/ngày) tại lưu vực Sông Cầu với việc sử dụng ảnh Landsat.

The annealed (0001) α-alumina surface and its influence on thin-film growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 336-337
Author(s):  
Michael W. Bench ◽  
Paul G. Kotula ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Thin Film Growth ◽  
Energy Calculations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflection Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Energy Electron ◽  
Surface Nature

The growth of semiconductors, superconductors, metals, and other insulators has been investigated using alumina substrates in a variety of orientations. The surface state of the alumina (for example surface reconstruction and step nature) can be expected to affect the growth nature and quality of the epilayers. As such, the surface nature has been studied using a number of techniques including low energy electron diffraction (LEED), reflection electron microscopy (REM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), molecular dynamics computer simulations, and also by theoretical surface energy calculations. In the (0001) orientation, the bulk alumina lattice can be thought of as a layered structure with A1-A1-O stacking. This gives three possible terminations of the bulk alumina lattice, with theoretical surface energy calculations suggesting that termination should occur between the Al layers. Thus, the lattice often has been described as being made up of layers of (Al-O-Al) unit stacking sequences. There is a 180° rotation in the surface symmetry of successive layers and a total of six layers are required to form the alumina unit cell.

The nucleation of cavities at grain boundaries

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
P. J. Goodhew
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Impurity Concentration ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Phase Boundaries ◽  
Cavity Nucleation ◽  
Spherical Bubble

Cavity nucleation and growth at grain and phase boundaries is of concern because it can lead to failure during creep and can lead to embrittlement as a result of radiation damage. Two major types of cavity are usually distinguished: The term bubble is applied to a cavity which contains gas at a pressure which is at least sufficient to support the surface tension (2g/r for a spherical bubble of radius r and surface energy g). The term void is generally applied to any cavity which contains less gas than this, but is not necessarily empty of gas. A void would therefore tend to shrink in the absence of any imposed driving force for growth, whereas a bubble would be stable or would tend to grow. It is widely considered that cavity nucleation always requires the presence of one or more gas atoms. However since it is extremely difficult to prepare experimental materials with a gas impurity concentration lower than their eventual cavity concentration there is little to be gained by debating this point.

A privileged ternary blend enabling non-fullerene organic photovoltaics with over 14% efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (43) ◽  
pp. 15135-15141
Author(s):  
Jing Yan ◽  
Yuan-Qiu-Qiang Yi ◽  
Jianqi Zhang ◽  
Huanran Feng ◽  
Yanfeng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

Two non-fullerene small molecule acceptors, NT-4F and NT-4Cl, were designed and synthesized. Power conversion efficiencies of 11.44% and 14.55% were achieved for NT-4Cl-based binary and ternary devices, respectively.

Influence of Fiber Surface Energy on Mechanical Properties of Sisal Fiber - Bio Based Epoxy Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-496
Author(s):  
S. RAJKUMAR ◽  
◽  
R. JOSEPH BENSINGH ◽  
M. ABDUL KADER ◽  
SANJAY K NAYAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Sisal Fiber

Surface energy of cellulosic materials: The effect of particle morphology, particle size, and hydroxyl number

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUCHENG PENG ◽  
DOUGLAS J. GARDNER
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Hydroxyl Number ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Dispersion Component ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Lower Temperature

Understanding the surface properties of cellulose materials is important for proper commercial applications. The effect of particle size, particle morphology, and hydroxyl number on the surface energy of three microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) preparations and one nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) preparation were investigated using inverse gas chromatography at column temperatures ranging from 30ºC to 60ºC. The mean particle sizes for the three MCC samples and the NFC sample were 120.1, 62.3, 13.9, and 9.3 μm. The corresponding dispersion components of surface energy at 30°C were 55.7 ± 0.1, 59.7 ± 1.3, 71.7 ± 1.0, and 57.4 ± 0.3 mJ/m2. MCC samples are agglomerates of small individual cellulose particles. The different particle sizes and morphologies of the three MCC samples resulted in various hydroxyl numbers, which in turn affected their dispersion component of surface energy. Cellulose samples exhibiting a higher hydroxyl number have a higher dispersion component of surface energy. The dispersion component of surface energy of all the cellulose samples decreased linearly with increasing temperature. MCC samples with larger agglomerates had a lower temperature coefficient of dispersion component of surface energy.

A new method for quantifying the blocking of coated paperboard

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULINE SKILLINGTON ◽  
YOLANDE R. SCHOEMAN ◽  
VALESKA CLOETE ◽  
PATRICE C. HARTMANN
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Additive Concentration ◽  
Pressure Surface ◽  
Fatty Acid Amides ◽  
Coated Surfaces ◽  
Definite Period

Blocking is undesired adhesion between two surfaces when subjected to pressure and temperature constraints. Blocking between two coated paperboards in contact with each other may be caused by inter-diffusion, adsorption, or electrostatic forces occurring between the respective coating surfaces. These interactions are influenced by factors such as the temperature, pressure, surface roughness, and surface energy. Blocking potentially can be reduced by adjusting these factors, or by using antiblocking additives such as talc, amorphous silica, fatty acid amides, or polymeric waxes. We developed a method of quantifying blocking using a rheometer. Coated surfaces were put in contact with each other with controlled pressure and temperature for a definite period. We then measured the work necessary to pull the two surfaces apart. This was a reproducible way to accurately quantify blocking. The method was applied to determine the effect external factors have on the blocking tendency of coated paperboards, i.e., antiblocking additive concentration, film thickness, temperature, and humidity.

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