Enhancing Interfacial Reliability of Metal–Thermoplastic Hybrid Joints via Adding Carbon Fiber and Adjusting Welding Heat Input

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Bi ◽  
Zhengtang Luo ◽  
Bosheng Liu ◽  
Mengjia Xu ◽  
Zhenmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Welding Heat Input ◽  
Hybrid Joints ◽  
Interfacial Reliability

scholarly journals Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Spot Welded 2A12-T4 Aluminum Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijie Liu ◽  
Yunqiang Zhao ◽  
Xingye Su ◽  
Lilong Yu ◽  
Juncai Hou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Fracture Mode ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Tensile Shear ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Welding Heat Input ◽  
Mixed Fracture ◽  
Spot Welded

2A12-T4 aluminum alloy was friction stir spot welded, and the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated. A softened microstructural region existed in the joint, and it consisted of stir zone (SZ), thermal mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), and heat affected zone (HAZ). The minimum hardness was located in TMAZ, and the average hardness value in SZ can be improved by appropriately increasing welding heat input. The area of complete bonding region at the interface increased with increasing welding heat input because more interface metals were mixed. In a certain range of FSSW parameters, the tensile shear failure load of the joint increased with increasing rotation speed, but it decreased with increasing plunge rate or decreasing shoulder plunging depth. Two kinds of failure modes, that is, shear fracture mode and tensile-shear mixed fracture mode, can be observed in the tensile shear tests, and the joint that failed in the tensile-shear mixed fracture mode possessed a high carrying capability.

Advances in joining technologies for the innovation of 21st century lightweight aluminium-CFRP hybrid structures

2022 ◽  
pp. 095440892110730
Author(s):  
Renangi Sandeep ◽  
Arivazhagan Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ultrasonic Welding ◽  
Hybrid Structures ◽  
Joint Shear Strength ◽  
Hybrid Joints ◽  
Welding Processes

In the twenty-first century, the application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials in the vehicle industry are growing rapidly due to lightweight, high specific strength, and elasticity. In the automobile and aerospace industries, CFRP needs to be joined with metals to build complete structures. The demand for hybrid structures has prompted research into the combination of CFRP and metals in manufacturing. Aluminium and CFRP structures combine the mechanical properties of aluminium with the superior physical and chemical properties of CFRP. However, joining dissimilar materials is often challenging to achieve. Various joining technologies are developed to produce hybrid joints of CFRP, and aluminium alloys include conventional adhesives, mechanical and thermal joining technologies. In this review article, an extensive review was carried out on the thermal joining technologies include laser welding, friction-based welding technologies, ultrasonic welding, and induction welding processes. The article primarily focused on the current knowledge and process development of these technologies in fabricating dissimilar aluminium and CFRP structures. Besides, according to Industry 4.0 requirements, additive manufacturing-based techniques to fabricate hybrid structures are presented. Finally, this article also addressed the various improvements for the future development of these joining technologies. Ultrasonic welding yields the maximum shear strength among the various hybrid joining technologies due to lower heat input. On the other hand, laser welding produces higher heat input, which deteriorates the mechanical performance of the hybrid joints. Surface pretreatments on material surfaces prior to joining showed a significant effect on joint shear strength. Surface modification using anodizing is considered an optimal method to improve wettability, increasing mechanical interlocking phenomena.

Shielded metal arc welding of AISI 409M ferritic stainless steel: study on mechanical, intergranular corrosion properties and microstructure analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Ambade ◽  
Chetan Tembhurkar ◽  
Awanikumar P. Patil ◽  
Prakash Pantawane ◽  
Ravi Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Welding Heat Input ◽  
Metal Arc Welding

Purpose The purpose of this study is on AISI 409 M ferritic stainless steel (FSS) which is developing a preferred choice for railway carriages, storage tanks and reactors in chemical plants. The intergranular corrosion behavior of welded SS 409 M has been studied in H2SO4 solution (0.5 M) with the addition of NH4SCN (0.01 M) with different heat input. As this study is very important in context of various chemical and petrochemical industries. Design/methodology/approach The microstructure, mechanical properties and intergranular corrosion properties of AISI 409 M FSS using shielded metal arc welding were investigated. Shielded metal arc welding with different welding current values are used to change the heat input in the joints resulted in the microstructural variations. The microstructure of the welded steel was carefully inspected along the width of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the transverse-section of the thin plate. Findings The width of heat affected zone (3.1,4.2 and 5.8 mm) increases on increasing the welding heat input. Due to change in grain size (grain coarsening) as HAZ increased. From the microstructure, it was observed that the large grain growth which is dendritic and the structure become finer to increase in welding heat input. For lower heat input, the maximum microhardness value (388HV) was observed compared with medium (351 HV) and higher heat input (344 HV), which is caused by a rapid cooling rate and the depleted area of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni). The increase in weld heat input decreases tensile strength, i.e. 465 MPa, 440 MPa and 418 MPa for low, medium and high heat input, respectively. This is because of grain coarsening and chromium carbide precipitation in sensitized zone and wider HAZ. The degree of sensitization increases (27.04%, 31.86% and 36.08%) to increase welding heat input because of chromium carbide deposition at the grain boundaries. The results revealed that the higher degree of sensitization and the difference in intergranular corrosion behavior under high heat input are related to the grain growth in the HAZ and the weld zone. Originality/value The study is based on intergranular corrosion behavior of welded SS 409 M in H2SO4 solution (0.5 M) with the addition of NH4SCN (0.01 M) with different heat input which is rarely found in literature.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of TIG Welded Inconel–718 Alloy for Different Heat Input Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.6) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
P Jerold Jose ◽  
M Dev Anand
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Tig Welding ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Inconel 718 Alloy ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
Welding Heat Input

In this research, the effects of heat input on tensile properties and microstructure were investigated for super alloy Inconel-718 sheets weld by Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process. The tensile properties and microstructure of weld joints were evaluated. The experiment was conducted with six different combinations of welding parameters like welding current, voltage and welding speed, which were give in six different welding heat input combinations of welding parameters. The experimental results shows that the welding joints weld with low welding heat input was yield higher tensile properties. From the experimentation it was understand that the tensile properties increases when the welding heat input decrease. Drastic grain coarsening was evidenced when the heat input was increases. For the weld joints experimented in this research it was also observed that amount of laves phase was increased with increase in the welding heat input which is the major fact for noticeable variation in the ultimate tensile strength of the weld joints welded by TIG welding process with different welding heat input. 

Microstructure and mechanical properties of cold metal transfer welded galvanized steel/magnesium alloy dissimilar joints

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01n03) ◽  
pp. 2040060
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Mingfang Wu ◽  
Yuxin Wang ◽  
Juan Pu
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Interface Layer ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Welding Joint ◽  
Welding Heat Input ◽  
Weld Appearance ◽  
Cold Metal

The joining of magnesium alloy to galvanized steel was realized by cold metal transfer method with AZ31 magnesium alloy welding wire. Weld appearance, microstructure and tensile properties of Mg–steel joints under various welding parameters were investigated with different welding heat inputs. The results showed that magnesium alloy-steel brazed joints had good weld appearance. When the welding heat input was 141 J/mm, Zn elements were enriched in the Zn-rich zone (ZRZ), and the interface layer was composed of a large portion of Mg–Zn phases and minor Mg–Al phases. With the increase of welding heat input, Zn elements in the ZRZ gradually decreased, Fe/Al phase appeared in the interface layer, and the strength of welding joint increased. When the welding heat input was 159 J/mm, the tensile strength of welding joint reached the maximum value of 198 MPa. However, when the welding input was increased to 181 J/mm, Zn element in the ZRZ was burnt and volatilized seriously, resulting in poor wetting and spreading properties of liquid phase at the interface zone of the steel.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Input on Porosity Defects in a Fiber Laser Welded Socket-Joint Made of Powder Metallurgy Molybdenum Alloy

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao-Xia Xie ◽  
Yan-Xin Li ◽  
Xiang-Tao Shang ◽  
Xue-Wu Wang ◽  
Jun-Yu Pei
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Fiber Laser Welding ◽  
Welding Heat Input ◽  
Porosity Defects

Porosity defects are still a challenging issue in the fusion welding of molybdenum and its alloys due to the pre-existing interior defects associated with the powder metallurgy process. Fiber laser welding of end plug and cladding tube made of nanostructured high-strength molybdenum (NS-Mo) alloy was performed in this work with an emphasis on the role of welding heat input. The distribution and morphology of porosity defects in the welded joints were examined by computed tomography (CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Preliminary results showed that laser welding of NS-Mo under low heat input significantly reduced the porosity defects in the fusion zone. The results of computed tomography (CT) showed that when the welding heat input decreased from 3600 J/cm (i.e., 1200 W, 0.2 m/min) to 250 J/cm (i.e., 2500 W, 6 m/min), the porosity ratio of the NS-Mo joints declined from 10.7% to 2.1%. Notable porosity defects under high heat input were related to the instability of the keyhole, expansion and the merging of bubbles in the molten pool, among which the instability of the keyhole played the dominant role. The porous defects at low heat input were generated as bubbles released from the powder metallurgy base metal (BM) did not have enough time to overflow and escape.

Effect of Cold Rolling on Sensitization of 304 Stainless Steel Weldments

2013 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
M. Milad ◽  
N. Zreiba
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Microstructural Investigation ◽  
Welding Heat Input ◽  
Degree Of Sensitization ◽  
Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation ◽  
Cold Rolled

The sensitization of stainless steel type AISI304 (304SS) is evaluated as a function of pre-welding cold work and welding heat input. 304SS is cold rolled to various percentages of thickness reduction of up to 50% at ambient temperature before being TIG welded. The susceptibility of 304SS to sensitization (weld decay) is evaluated using ASTM A262, practice A and electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation tests. The results indicate that the influence of pre-welding cold work on the degree of sensitization (DOS) is distinct and appreciable within the range of 10% to 35% CR. In addition, within this range the optimum level of cold work after which the DOS starts to decrease is found to be inversely related to the amount of welding heat input. At higher levels of cold work of ≥ 35% CR, it is found that neither the cold work nor the heat input significantly influences the amount of DOS. Microstructural investigation showed that the predominant intergranular corrosion (IGC) occurs at austenite grain boundaries and less likely at ferrite / austenite interfaces of the weld metal. Meanwhile, transgranular attack at austenite bulk matrix along the defects is rarely observed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document