Novel Core–Sheath Cu/Cu2O-ZnO-Fe3O4 Nanocomposites with High-Efficiency Chlorine-Resistant Bacteria Sterilization and Trichloroacetic Acid Degradation Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 10878-10890
Author(s):  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Lin Fu ◽  
Long Zhao ◽  
Xiaojuan Xu ◽  
Weiying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Acid Degradation

scholarly journals Alginate-based microparticles coated with HPMCP/AS cellulose-derivatives enable the Ctx(Ile21)-Ha antimicrobial peptide application as a feed additive

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Augusto Roque Borda ◽  
Hanyeny Raiely Leite Silva ◽  
Edson Crusca Junior ◽  
Jéssica Aparecida Serafim ◽  
Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Monogastric Animal ◽  
Physical Chemical

ABSTRACTMicroencapsulation is a potential biotechnological tool, which can overcome AMPs instabilities and reduce toxic side effects. Thus, this study evaluates the antibacterial activities of the Ctx(Ile21)-Ha antimicrobial peptide against MDR and non-resistant bacteria, develop and characterize peptide-loaded microparticles coated with HPMCAS and HPMCP. Ctx(Ile21)-Ha microencapsulation was performed by ionic gelation with high-efficiency, maintaining the physical-chemical stability. Ctx(Ile21)-Ha coated-microparticles were characterized, and their hemolytic activity assay demonstrated that hemolysis was decreased up to 95% compared to single molecule. In addition, in vitro release control profile simulating different portions of gastrointestinal tract was performed and showed the microcapsules’ ability to protect the peptide and release it in the intestine, aimed pathogens location, mainly by Salmonella sp. Therefore, use of microencapsulated Ctx(Ile21)-Ha can be allowed as an antimicrobial controller in monogastric animal production, being a valuable option for molecules with low therapeutic indexes or high hemolytic rates.

scholarly journals Characterization of Binding Sites and Optimization of Cell Free Bacteria Condition for Metal Bio-Sorbents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Mostafa G. Fadl ◽  
Zenat Kamel Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Charge Interaction

Bacteria a Microscopic organisms are the most inexhaustible and flexible of microorganisms and constitute a huge division of the whole living earthly biomass, certain microorganisms were found to amass metallic components at a high limit Was Known as Bacterial Bio-sorption Due to their little size, capacity to become under controlled conditions, and their Accommodation to an extensive variety of ecological situations; Potent metal bio-sorbents among microorganisms, at low pH esteems, cell divider ligands are protonated and contend essentially with metals for official. With expanding pH, more ligands, such as amino and carboxyl groups, could be exposed, leading to attraction between these negative charges and the metals, and consequently increment bio-sorption onto the cell surface. Starting with Isolation and identification of heavy metal-resistant bacteria from rock Ore. Studying Factors Affecting Uranium Bio-sorption, Optimization of bacterial growth conditions and optimum for metal uptake by free and immobilized bacterial cells and Desorption ratio of uranium ions adsorbed by Coli. /alginate, All this evidence suggest that functions groups Represented in our study are responsible for metal uptake in our bacterial biomass beside change in peaks position which assigned for it's groups confirm bio-sorption of metal ions from waste due to ions charge interaction comparing with immobilized we found increase in no of binding sites indicate that immobilized bacterial have high efficiency for metal up take which also change in peaks position which assigned for its groups confirm bio-sorption of metal ions from waste due to ions charge interaction, Where the high bio-sorption yield obtained by bacteria, the Uranium & heavy metal bioremediation process expects microorganisms to be joined to a strong surface.

Loofah Activated Carbon Sodium Alginate Hydrogel Microspheres with High Efficiency Cyclic Adsorption for Antibiotic Contaminants

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Wenyao Li ◽  
Kenan Zhang ◽  
Haishun Jiang ◽  
Tao Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Alginate Hydrogel ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Solution ◽  
Cyclic Adsorption

The global abuse of antibiotics has led to many environment problems such as water pollution and drug-resistant bacteria. In this study, pure natural loofah was used as raw material to form powdered loofah activated carbon (LAC) after high temperature carbonization annealing, and sodium alginate (SA) with gel ability was combined to prepare loofah activated carbon sodium alginate (LAC-SA) hydrogel sphere by external emulsification method. This work showed that the adsorption mechanisms of LAC-SA microspheres for the three antibiotics of ofloxacin (OFO), tetracycline (TC) and norfloxacin (NFO) were in line by the psedosecond-order and the formula of Langmuir. The ofloxacin (OFO) antibiotic solution was used as a sample for cyclic adsorption experiment for 10 times and the cumulative adsorption amount exceeded 700 mg g–1.

scholarly journals A METHOD FOR DETERMINING TOTAL PROTEIN OF ISOLATED CELLULAR ELEMENTS AND CORRESPONDING TRITIUM RADIOACTIVITY

1968 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Rabbit Retina ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Specific Absorbance ◽  
Rod Cell

A method is described for the microanalysis of protein, obtained from isolated tissue elements, in the range of 500 µµg-500 mµg. The method entails solubilization of cellular protein with phosphoric acid and heat after extraction of acid-soluble compounds, lipids, and RNA. A procedure for the extraction and recovery of cellular RNA by the use of 40% trichloroacetic acid is presented. The solubilized protein, in the form of a microdroplet, is photomicrographed with monochromatic light at 230 mµ. Total density in the microdroplet is determined from calibrated photographic plates by microdensitometry, and is converted to protein mass by using an experimentally determined average specific absorbance value. A solubilized protein labeled with tritium can be recovered after photomicrography, combusted, and reduced to generate tritiated gas for high-efficiency tritium radiometry. Total protein was analyzed in (a) nerve cells of three different sizes from Deiters' nucleus of the rabbit; and the whole rod cell and rod cell nucleus of the rabbit retina.

scholarly journals The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Escherichia coli, in municipal wastewater and river water

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Osińska ◽  
Ewa Korzeniewska ◽  
Monika Harnisz ◽  
Sebastian Niestępski ◽  
Piotr Jachimowicz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are major reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) which are transported to the natural environment with discharged effluents. Samples of untreated wastewater (UWW) and treated wastewater (TWW) from four municipal WWTPs and samples of river water collected upstream (URW) and downstream (DRW) from the effluent discharge point were analyzed in the study. The total counts of bacteria resistant to β-lactams and tetracyclines and the counts of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli were determined. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant E. coli, were removed with up to 99.9% efficiency in the evaluated WWTPs. Despite the above, ARB counts in TWW samples were high at up to 1.25x105 CFU/mL in winter and 1.25x103 CFU/mL in summer. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were also abundant (up to 103 CFU/ml) in URW and DRW samples collected in winter and summer. In both UWW and TWW samples, the counts of ARB and antibiotic-resistant E. coli were at least one order of magnitude lower in summer than in winter. The study revealed that despite the high efficiency of bacterial removal in the wastewater treatment processes, considerable amounts of ARB are released into the environment with TWW and that the percentage of ARB in total bacterial counts increases after wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Dehydroabietic Acid Microencapsulation Potential as Biofilm-Mediated Infections Treatment

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Iris Neto ◽  
Eva María Domínguez-Martín ◽  
Epole Ntungwe ◽  
Catarina P. Reis ◽  
Milica Pesic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Wide Range

The antimicrobial activity of dehydroabietic acid (DHA) for its use as an antibiofilm agent was tested in this work. DHA was assayed against a collection of Gram-positive, Gram-negative sensitive and resistant bacteria and yeasts through the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), MIC with Bioburden challenge, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), MBIC with Bioburden challenge and growth curve studies. Toxicological studies (Artemia salina, sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay) were done to assess if the compound had antimicrobial and not cytotoxic properties. Furthermore, microencapsulation and stability studies were carried out to evaluate the chemical behavior and stability of DHA. On MIC results, Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 1228 and Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607 presented a high efficiency (7.81 µg/mL), while on Gram-negative bacteria the highest MIC value of 125 µg/mL was obtained by all Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and Escherichia coli isolate strain HSM 303. Bioburden challenge showed that MIC, MBIC and percentage biofilm inhibition (BI) values suffered alterations, therefore, having higher concentrations. MBIC values demonstrated that DHA has a higher efficiency against S. aureus ATCC 43866 with a percentage of BI of 75.13 ± 0.82% at 0.49 µg/mL. Growth curve kinetic profiles of DHA against S. aureus ATCC 25923 were observed to be bacteriostatic. DHA-alginate beads had a average size of 2.37 ± 0.20 and 2.31 ± 0.17 × 103 µm2 with an encapsulation efficiency (EE%) around 99.49 ± 0.05%, a protection percentage (PP%) of 60.00 ± 0.05% in the gastric environment and a protection efficiency (PE%) around 88.12 ± 0.05% against UV light. In toxicological studies DHA has shown IC50 of 19.59 ± 7.40 µg/mL and a LC50 of 21.71 ± 2.18%. The obtained results indicate that DHA is a promising antimicrobial candidate against a wide range of bacteria and biofilm formation that must be further explored.

scholarly journals Endolysin, a Promising Solution against Antimicrobial Resistance

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1277
Author(s):  
Mujeeb ur Rahman ◽  
Weixiao Wang ◽  
Qingqing Sun ◽  
Junaid Ali Shah ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Rapid Action ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Pathogen Diagnosis ◽  
And Control

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global crisis for human public health which threatens the effective prevention and control of ever-increasing infectious diseases. The advent of pandrug-resistant bacteria makes most, if not all, available antibiotics invalid. Meanwhile, the pipeline of novel antibiotics development stagnates, which prompts scientists and pharmacists to develop unconventional antimicrobials. Bacteriophage-derived endolysins are cell wall hydrolases which could hydrolyze the peptidoglycan layer from within and outside of bacterial pathogens. With high specificity, rapid action, high efficiency, and low risk of resistance development, endolysins are believed to be among the best alternative therapeutic agents to treat multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. As of now, endolysins have been applied to diverse aspects. In this review, we comprehensively introduce the structures and activities of endolysins and summarize the latest application progress of recombinant endolysins in the fields of medical treatment, pathogen diagnosis, food safety, and agriculture.

scholarly journals Nano-antibiotics combined with laser irradiation to reduce the development of drug resistance of K. Pneumoniae and accelerate wound healing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiansheng Liu ◽  
Guowei Zhong ◽  
Dongying Tang ◽  
Xu Liu ◽  
Xianghua Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Clinical Treatment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Accelerate Wound Healing

Bacterial infections, especially infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria, pose a serious threat to human health and bring huge challenges to clinical treatment. The excessive use of antibiotics can easily lead to the emergence of bacterial resistance, which severely limits clinical treatment options. There is an urgent need to develop high-efficiency antibacterial materials and treatment strategies to inhibit infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this work, a nanocomposite named Ofloxacin@HMPB@HA(OHH NPs) combined with the laser irradiation was used to reduce the development of drug resistance and accelerate wound healing in a model infected by Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.Pneumoniae). In vitro results showed that compared with OHH NPs or NIR laser irradiation alone, this combination strategy can exert a synergistic effect on anti-K.Pneumoniae by destroying cell integrity with generating ROS and reducing ATP, and also inhibit the development of bacterial resistance. Moreover, in vivo experiments have shown that the system effectively promotes wound healing through killing K.Pneumoniae and promoting the formation of new tissues. In summary, these results indicate that OHH NPs show great potential in the clinical application of bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Treating Bacterial Infections with Bacteriophage-Based Enzybiotics: In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Application

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Katarzyna M. Danis-Wlodarczyk ◽  
Daniel J. Wozniak ◽  
Stephen T. Abedon
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Peptidoglycan Hydrolases ◽  
Bacterial Peptidoglycan

Over the past few decades, we have witnessed a surge around the world in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This global health threat arose mainly due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics as well as a relative lack of new drug classes in development pipelines. Innovative antibacterial therapeutics and strategies are, therefore, in grave need. For the last twenty years, antimicrobial enzymes encoded by bacteriophages, viruses that can lyse and kill bacteria, have gained tremendous interest. There are two classes of these phage-derived enzymes, referred to also as enzybiotics: peptidoglycan hydrolases (lysins), which degrade the bacterial peptidoglycan layer, and polysaccharide depolymerases, which target extracellular or surface polysaccharides, i.e., bacterial capsules, slime layers, biofilm matrix, or lipopolysaccharides. Their features include distinctive modes of action, high efficiency, pathogen specificity, diversity in structure and activity, low possibility of bacterial resistance development, and no observed cross-resistance with currently used antibiotics. Additionally, and unlike antibiotics, enzybiotics can target metabolically inactive persister cells. These phage-derived enzymes have been tested in various animal models to combat both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and in recent years peptidoglycan hydrolases have entered clinical trials. Here, we review the testing and clinical use of these enzymes.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Application of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for the Prevention of Infection in Healthcare Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Nakamura ◽  
Masahiro Sato ◽  
Yoko Sato ◽  
Naoko Ando ◽  
Tomohiro Takayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Environment Friendly

Silver is easily available and is known to have microbicidal effect; moreover, it does not impose any adverse effects on the human body. The microbicidal effect is mainly due to silver ions, which have a wide antibacterial spectrum. Furthermore, the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria, as in the case of antibiotics, is less likely. Silver ions bind to halide ions, such as chloride, and precipitate; therefore, when used directly, their microbicidal activity is shortened. To overcome this issue, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been recently synthesized and frequently used as microbicidal agents that release silver ions from particle surface. Depending on the specific surface area of the nanoparticles, silver ions are released with high efficiency. In addition to their bactericidal activity, small Ag NPs (<10 nm in diameter) affect viruses although the microbicidal effect of silver mass is weak. Because of their characteristics, Ag NPs are useful countermeasures against infectious diseases, which constitute a major issue in the medical field. Thus, medical tools coated with Ag NPs are being developed. This review outlines the synthesis and utilization of Ag NPs in the medical field, focusing on environment-friendly synthesis and the suppression of infections in healthcare workers (HCWs).

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