Advanced X-ray Shielding Materials Enabled by the Coordination of Well-Dispersed High Atomic Number Elements in Natural Leather

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 19916-19926
Author(s):  
Yaping Wang ◽  
Pingping Ding ◽  
Heng Xu ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Junling Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Atomic Number

scholarly journals Seorang Wanita Mengalami Aspirasi Barium Dengan Komplikasi Pneumonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Isnin Anang Marhana ◽  
Adhari Ajipurnomo
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Clinical Symptom ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Aspiration Pneumonia ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Atomic Number ◽  
Chest X Ray

Background. Barium aspiration is one of rare major complication of esophagography. Aspiration pneumonia occurs about 40% without clinical symptom and can cause 30% of dead. Case. A female 62 years old choked a mount of barium when swallowing barium liquid in esophagography procedure. There was ronkhi on lower left haemithorax and granuler pattern on left paracardial impressed the rest of barium in chest x-ray photo. Patient suffered symptom of infection in eight days evaluation with infiltrate and rest of barium from chest x-ray photo. Microbiology examination of bronchus lavage founded pathogen microbe Burcholderia Gladioli and Pseudomonas and containing 1,22 mg/L of barium. Discussion. Barium aspiration can occur in esophagography procedure in extreme age. Chest x-ray and Computed Tomography can be used as primer tool to diagnose and evaluate barium aspiration which imaging hiperdens pattern due to barium with high atomic number (56). Prognosis of aspiration barium can be affected by the quantity and density of barium liquid which is choked and comorbid factor in patient. Barium aspiration mixed with secrete of oropharing which containing colony of pathogen can cause penumonia as disease complication. There is still no guideline for barium aspiration management, but bronchoscopy is recommended by many clinician. Conclusion. Pneumonia occur when aspiration barium mixed with secrete oropharing which containing colony of pathogen. Chest x-ray and CT scan can be used as tool to diagnose barium aspiration. Bronchoscopy is recommended to diagnose and to manage barium aspiration. When pneumonia is suspicious, antibiotic with anaerob activity is recommended given.

X-Ray Satellites of High Atomic Number Elements

1933 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 605-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. Richtmyer ◽  
Sidney Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Atomic Number

scholarly journals Comparison Between Mass Attenuation Coefficient of Metals (Fe, Ag, Sn, Pt, Au, Pb) According to Their Atomic Number

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Viyan Jamal Jalal ◽  
Bawar Mohammed Faraj ◽  
Sarkew Salah Abdulkareem
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Atomic Number ◽  
Nist Standard Reference Database ◽  
Six Elements ◽  
Mass Attenuation

The paper describes the X-ray attenuation in materials according to their atomic number, using six different materials from low atomic number to higher atomic number, Iron (Fe-26) as low atomic number, silver (Ag-47), tin (Sn-50), platinum (Pt-78), gold (Au-79) and lead (Pb-82) as high atomic number. Using the data were taken from the NIST Standard Reference Database 126. From the J. H. Hubbell and S. M. Seltzer work, a table of contents was used. Whereas The mass attenuation coefficient for the above six elements was taken and compared with each other.

X-Ray Fluorescence of Intermediate- to High-Atomic-Number Elements Using Polarized X Rays

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Strittmatter
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Excitation Source ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Atomic Number ◽  
Increase In Accuracy

The use of polarized x rays as the excitation source for x-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements has been shown to significantly improve signal-to-background ratios. However, previous studies on polarized x rays applied to XRF techniques have concentrated on low-energy fluoresced x rays (<30 keV). In many cases strong matrix effects exist or the analyte is encased by a material that strongly attenuates low-energy x rays. These situations may preclude accurate assays based on L x-ray detection, and techniques based on the detection of higher energy K x rays may be more suitable because of the increased penetrability of higher energy x rays. The measurements and calculations reported in this work were made to assess the improvement in signal-to-background ratios and the increase in accuracy and detection sensitivity achievable by using polarized x rays as the excitation source for fluoresced x rays having energies between 25 and 110 keV.

X-Ray Emission Analysis of High Atomic Number Elements: A New Excitation Source Using Monoenergic 477 keVγ-Rays from the 10B(n,α) 7mLi→7Li Reaction

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Kowalski ◽  
T. L. Isenhour
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Neutron Capture ◽  
Semiconductor Detector ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Excitation Source ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Atomic Number ◽  
Thermal Neutron Beam

A new excitation source has been developed for x-ray emission analysis of high atomic number elements. A mixture of the sample and a small amount of boron-10 is irradiated in a thermal neutron beam and the resultant x radiation is recorded using a Ge(Li) semiconductor detector and a multichannel analyzer. The boron-10 undergoes neutron capture (10B( n,α)7Li, σ = 3840 b) producing a single excited state of lithium-7 in 92.5% of the captures. Lithium-7 m decays with a half-life of about 5×10−14 sec emitting a monoenergic 477 keV gamma ray. These gamma rays are in excellent geometry to the sample and are sufficiently energetic to excite the K x radiation of the highest atomic number elements known. The K x-ray spectra of several elements are presented along with a discussion of sample preparation and apparatus optimization.

Thickness and composition determinations from T.E.M. specimens using both x-ray and backscattered electron data

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
M.D. Ball ◽  
H. Lagace ◽  
M.C. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Convenient Method ◽  
Flow Chart ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intensity Measurements ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Intensity ◽  
Backscattered Electron

The backscattered electron coefficient η for transmission electron microscope specimens depends on both the atomic number Z and the thickness t. Hence for specimens of known atomic number, the thickness can be determined from backscattered electron coefficient measurements. This work describes a simple and convenient method of estimating the thickness and the corrected composition of areas of uncertain atomic number by combining x-ray microanalysis and backscattered electron intensity measurements.The method is best described in terms of the flow chart shown In Figure 1. Having selected a feature of interest, x-ray microanalysis data is recorded and used to estimate the composition. At this stage thickness corrections for absorption and fluorescence are not performed.

Is there a “universal” MAC equation?

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-229
Author(s):  
Robert E. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Image Position

The search for an empirical absorption equation begins with the work of Siegbahn (1) in 1914. At that time Siegbahn showed that the value of (μ/ρ) for a given element could be expressed as a function of the wavelength (λ) of the x-ray photon by the following equationwhere C is a constant for a given material, which will have sudden jumps in value at critial absorption limits. Siegbahn found that n varied from 2.66 to 2.71 for various solids, and from 2.66 to 2.94 for various gases.Bragg and Pierce (2) , at this same time period, showed that their results on materials ranging from Al(13) to Au(79) could be represented by the followingwhere μa is the atomic absorption coefficient, Z the atomic number. Today equation (2) is known as the “Bragg-Pierce” Law. The exponent of 5/2(n) was questioned by many investigators, and that n should be closer to 3. The work of Wingardh (3) showed that the exponent of Z should be much lower, p = 2.95, however, this is much lower than that found by most investigators.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document