Thermogalvanic and Thermocapacitive Behavior of Superabsorbent Hydrogels for Combined Low-Temperature Thermal Energy Conversion and Harvesting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Buckingham ◽  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Yuqing Liu ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Frank Marken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Superabsorbent Hydrogels

scholarly journals FLOW FIELD NEAR AN OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION PLANT

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Sheppard ◽  
G.M. Powell ◽  
I.B. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Shear Flow ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy

The flow field in the vicinity of an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Plant is extremely complex. The plants will normally be located in an area of relatively high surface currents and the location must also be such that a large temperature difference exists between the lower layers and the surface. Locations that demonstrate this characteristic can in many cases be modeled as a two layer fluid as shown in Figure 1. A number of different designs for the OTEC plants are being considered, but they all have one thing in common, a large vertical cold water pipe. This pipe extends from near the surface to some point in the cold water layer (see Figure 1). In some designs this pipe is as large as 40 m in diameter and 460 m in length. Having such a large object penetrating the interface between the two temperature layers in the presence of a shear flow can significantly alter the character of the interface. The highly turbulent wake downstream from the pipe can drastically effect the mixing across this density interface. A conventional heat engine cycle is used in the plant with the high temperature source being the water in the upper layers and the low temperature reservoir being the water from the lower depths. \ Since the temperature difference is small for this type of plant (20° max.), vast quantities of both high and low temperature water must be used. The intake and discharge for the warm water as well as the cold water discharge will be in the upper layer; the intake for the cold water will be in the lower layer at or near the end of the cold water pipe. The flow problem is thus one of a vertical cylinder in a two layer stratified shear flow with sources and sinks located along the cylinder.

scholarly journals Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion—Flexible Enabling Technology for Variable Renewable Energy Integration in the Caribbean

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2192
Author(s):  
Robert J. Brecha ◽  
Katherine Schoenenberger ◽  
Masaō Ashtine ◽  
Randy Koon Koon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy

Many Caribbean island nations have historically been heavily dependent on imported fossil fuels for both power and transportation, while at the same time being at an enhanced risk from the impacts of climate change, although their emissions represent a very tiny fraction of the global total responsible for climate change. Small island developing states (SIDSs) are among the leaders in advocating for the ambitious 1.5 °C Paris Agreement target and the transition to 100% sustainable, renewable energy systems. In this work, three central results are presented. First, through GIS mapping of all Caribbean islands, the potential for near-coastal deep-water as a resource for ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is shown, and these results are coupled with an estimate of the countries for which OTEC would be most advantageous due to a lack of other dispatchable renewable power options. Secondly, hourly data have been utilized to explicitly show the trade-offs between battery storage needs and dispatchable renewable sources such as OTEC in 100% renewable electricity systems, both in technological and economic terms. Finally, the utility of near-shore, open-cycle OTEC with accompanying desalination is shown to enable a higher penetration of renewable energy and lead to lower system levelized costs than those of a conventional fossil fuel system.

scholarly journals Estimation of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Resources in the East of Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Sathiabama T. T. Thirugnana ◽  
Abu Bakar Jaafar ◽  
Takeshi Yasunaga ◽  
Tsutomu Nakaoka ◽  
Yasuyuki Ikegami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Relative Depth ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Oceanographic Data ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy

The Malaysian Government has set a target of achieving 20% penetration of Renewable Energy (RE) in the energy mix spectrum by 2025. In order to get closer to the target, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) aligned with solar PV, biogas and biomass energy sources must be evaluated and comprehended. Hybrid OTEC systems consisting of energy and water production are currently under research and validation. Therefore, for the construction of a commercial OTEC plant, 1 MW or 2.5 MW, the choice of a strategic location or potential site is vital. In this paper, oceanographic data such as seawater temperature, depth, salinity and dissolved oxygen obtained from the Japan Oceanographic Data Center (JODC) for Semporna, Tawau, Kudat, Pulau Layang-Layang and Pulau Kalumpang in Sabah, Malaysia, are reported. The RE available from the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) on the coast of Sabah was estimated based on the JODC data obtained. There were no remarkable differences in temperatures between the five sites, which were reported as approximately 27 °C at the surface and 7 °C at depths below 600 m. The surface salinities below 100 m at those sites were slightly lower than the deeper waters, where the salinity increased up to approximately 34.5 PSU. Dissolved oxygen data from the Pulau Kalumpang site showed a slight increment to approximately 4.7 mL/L at depth intervals below 50 m, before declining steadily to approximately 1.7 mL/L along with the depth. The temperature-salinity profiles of the Malaysian sites were congruent with those of Palau, Kumejima and Okinawa, but not with that of Fiji, where the salinity profile showed a distinct variation at the relative depth (below 200 m). Estimates of RE using two different methods were used to prove the potential of OTEC in Malaysia.

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