pH-Degradable Polymers as Impermanent Antimicrobial Agents for Environmental Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1544-1551
Author(s):  
Diane S. W. Lim ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Yugen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Degradable Polymers

scholarly journals A Facile and Versatile Approach for the Synthesis of Degradable Polymers via Controlled Ring-Opening Metathesis Copolymerization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Feist ◽  
Daniel Lee ◽  
Yan Xia
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Polymer Degradation ◽  
Degradable Polymers ◽  
Enol Ether ◽  
Fischer Carbene ◽  
Carbon Backbone ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Ru Species ◽  
Norbornene Derivatives

Abstract Norbornene derivatives (NBEs) are the most common monomers for ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) because they undergo living polymerization, yielding polymers with low dispersities and diverse functionalities. However, the all-carbon backbone of polyNBEs cannot be degraded. Polymer degradation is highly desired for many applications and has been a major limitation in ROMP chemistry. Here, we report a simple yet powerful method to synthesize controlled, degradable polymers by copolymerizing 2,3-dihydrofuran (DHF) with NBEs. DHF rapidly reacts with the Grubbs catalyst to form a thermodynamically stable Ru Fischer carbene, which is the only detectable active Ru species during the copolymerization, and the addition of NBEs becomes rate determining. This unique Ru Fischer carbene reactivity attenuates NBE homoaddition, which presented a significant challenge to previous copolymerization approaches, allows even incorporation of DHF units (acid-degradable enol ether bonds) throughout the copolymers, and thus enables complete polymer degradation while maintaining the favorable characteristics of living ROMP. We demonstrate the effective copolymerization of DHF with several types of NBEs to synthesize narrow-disperse polymers with tunable solubility, glass transition temperature, and mechanical properties. These polymers can all be fully degraded into small molecule or oligomeric species under mildly acidic conditions. This method can be readily adapted to traditional ROMP of widely used NBEs to synthesize new degradable polymers with tunable properties and facile degradation for various applications and environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Activated Carbon for Food Packaging Application: Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siriporn CHAEMSANIT ◽  
Narumol MATAN ◽  
Nirundorn MATAN
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Alternative Choice ◽  
Interesting Alternative

Recently, several types of food packaging have been developed which are able to prolong shelf-life of, and maintain the quality and safety of, products. Many kinds of material have been applied to food packaging, in the forms of film, sachets, or pads, to protect, eliminate, or inhibit undesirable changes in food. Based on the increasing concern about environmental sustainability, there have been many attempts to develop a natural biodegradable food packaging. Activated carbon as a multifunctional material is an interesting alternative choice. Apart from its ability to naturally degrade, non-toxicity, and low cost, it possesses remarkable adsorption potential. Its abilities are versatile, and could be used in various application purposes. Thus, its ability strongly depends on its pore structure and surface chemistry. Although it has been known for its effect on hydrophobic substances, the modification of pore size and surface property of activated carbon could improve its affinity to hydrophilic substances. Two means of activated carbon applications in food packaging were classified, according to its adsorption and releasing ability. The first mean is the application of activated carbon for the emission of antimicrobial agents in the vapor phase and nanoparticles inside food packaging. The second mean is the application of activated carbon for scavenging of factors affecting food quality inside packaging, such as water vapor, oxygen, ethylene, and odor. In this paper, the adsorption-releasing mechanism of activated carbon on some of the antimicrobial agents and vapor phase substances are discussed. Additionally, the potential role of activated carbon in food packaging is summarized.

Essential oil from Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba loaded into multilamellar liposomes useful as antimicrobial agents

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Detoni ◽  
E. C. M. Cabral-Albuquerque ◽  
S. V. A. Hohlemweger ◽  
C. Sampaio ◽  
T. F. Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multilamellar Liposomes
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