Identification and Control of Critical Process Impurities: An Improved Process for the Preparation of Dolutegravir Sodium

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1461-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srimurugan Sankareswaran ◽  
Madhavarao Mannam ◽  
Veerababu Chakka ◽  
Srirami Reddy Mandapati ◽  
Pramod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
And Control ◽  
Critical Process

scholarly journals Improvements in Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors ◽  
Ceramic Capacitors ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Multilayer Ceramic ◽  
Market Requirement ◽  
And Control ◽  
Critical Process

The increased use of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors in both chip and encapsulated formats is mainly due to their excellence at decoupling Integrated Circuit Random Access Memories.As a result of this excellent performance, large volumes of this type of capacitor are currently used and indications are that further increases in volume will continue over the next decade. There is therefore a market requirement for continued improvements in performance, reliability and cost.There have been major processing changes for cost reduction reasons, which have resulted in new dielectric systems, changes in electrode types and greatly reduced dielectric thicknesses.Studies of the failure mechanisms in these capacitors have been made, and this paper outlines the effect of process and materials on the reliability of these capacitors.In addition, critical process stages are highlighted and control levels indicated. Some new work on testing techniques and its relevance to delaminations is also reported.

An improved and robust scale-up process aided with identification and control of critical process impurities in darunavir ethanolate

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-281
Author(s):  
Sathyanarayana Girigani ◽  
Harnam Singh ◽  
Sankar Rao Kola ◽  
Vijayalaxmi Dayanand Yelmeli ◽  
Venu Gopal Regula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Darunavir Ethanolate ◽  
And Control ◽  
Critical Process

scholarly journals Functional significance of isoenzymes in thermal acclimatization. Acetylcholinesterase from trout brain

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 883-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Baldwin ◽  
P. W. Hochachka
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Thermal Acclimatization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Critical Process ◽  
Enzyme Variant ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

1. The effects of acclimatization temperature on the catalytic properties of acetylcholinesterase from rainbow-trout brain were examined. 2. Trout brain acetylcholinesterase occurs in two distinct forms. A single ‘warm’ variant of the enzyme is present after acclimatization to 17°C; a single ‘cold’ variant appears after acclimatization to 2°C. Both forms are present in fish after acclimatization to an intermediate temperature. 3. The Km values of the enzyme variants for acetylcholine are temperature-dependent, the lowest values coinciding with the acclimatization temperature at which each enzyme was induced. 4. It is concluded that the Km–temperature relationship is adaptive, and that the critical process during thermal acclimatization, in cases where enzymes show sharp changes in Km with temperature, is the synthesis of a new enzyme variant that is better suited for catalysis and control of catalysis under the conditions of the acclimatized state.

scholarly journals CCL5/RANTES Gene Polymorphisms in Slavonic Patients with Myocardial Infarction

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina P. Tereshchenko ◽  
Jana Petrkova ◽  
Mikhail I. Voevoda ◽  
Milos Taborsky ◽  
Zdenka Navratilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Strong Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Functional Polymorphisms ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Rantes Promoter ◽  
And Control ◽  
Critical Process

Coronary artery inflammation is a critical process in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction (MI). The chemokine CCL5/RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted) is expressed in advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Functional polymorphisms of the RANTES gene can, therefore, be involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. We examined the association of polymorphisms in the RANTES gene with myocardial infarction in Slavonic populations of Czech and Russian origin. A total of 467 post-MI patients and 337 control subjects were genotyped for RANTES promoter G-403A (rs2107538) and intron 1.1 T/C (rs2280789) variants by PCR-SSP. Both RANTES genotypes and allele frequencies did not differ between case and control groups. Haplotype-based analysis also failed to reveal an association between MI and investigated markers. Strong linkage disequilibrium was detected between particular RANTES alleles. The data do not support an association between RANTES G-403A polymorphism and MI, as reported previously.

scholarly journals Octopus – Application test of a simple and effective tool for polishing slurry monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Christian Vogt ◽  
Oliver Faehnle ◽  
Patrick Kochs ◽  
Rolf Rascher
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Critical Process Parameters ◽  
And Control ◽  
Critical Process ◽  
Lower Production

In the digital age it has become a fundamental issue to monitor and control process parameters continuously and automatically. The monitoring of critical process parameters enables better quality at lower production costs and higher yields. In order to investigate the interactions between production quality and polishing parameters, we have developed a solution for automatic and reliable measurement of critical parameters. With this paper we first document the resolution and accuracy of the system compared to manual measuring methods currently in use.

Real-Time Monitoring and Control of Critical Process Impurities during the Manufacture of Fostamatinib Disodium

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hart ◽  
Adam Herring ◽  
Gareth P. Howell ◽  
Ben McKeever-Abbas ◽  
Nicholas Pedge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
And Control ◽  
Critical Process

Control of Metal Alloy Oxidation with Electric Fields

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
R. R. Dils ◽  
P. S. Follansbee
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Iron Base Alloy ◽  
Alloy Oxidation ◽  
Aluminum Oxide Layer ◽  
And Control

Electric fields have been applied across oxides growing on a high temperature alloy and control of the oxidation of the material has been demonstrated. At present, three-fold increases in the oxidation rate have been measured in accelerating fields and the oxidation process has been completely stopped in a retarding field.The experiments have been conducted with an iron-base alloy, Pe 25Cr 5A1 0.1Y, although, in principle, any alloy capable of forming an adherent aluminum oxide layer during oxidation can be used. A specimen is polished and oxidized to produce a thin, uniform insulating layer on one surface. Three platinum electrodes are sputtered on the oxide surface and the specimen is reoxidized.

Evidence for a Blood Ganglion Barrier in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the Rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
D. M. DePace
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Capillary Circulation ◽  
And Control

The majority of blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion possess a continuous endothelium with tight junctions. These same features have been associated with the blood brain barrier of the central nervous system and peripheral nerves. These vessels may perform a barrier function between the capillary circulation and the superior cervical ganglion. The permeability of the blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat was tested by intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Three experimental groups of four animals each were given intravenous HRP (Sigma Type II) in a dosage of.08 to.15 mg/gm body weight in.5 ml of.85% saline. The animals were sacrificed at five, ten or 15 minutes following administration of the tracer. Superior cervical ganglia were quickly removed and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Three control animals received,5ml of saline without HRP. These were sacrificed on the same time schedule. Tissues from experimental and control animals were reacted for peroxidase activity and then processed for routine transmission electron microscopy.

Effects of renovascular hypertension on rat adrenal zona glomerulosa

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
G. Mazzocchi ◽  
P. Rebuffat ◽  
C. Robba ◽  
P. Vassanelli ◽  
G. G. Nussdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
And Control

It is well known that the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa steroidogenic activity is controlled by the renin-angiotensin system. The ultrastructural changes in the rat zona glomerulosa cells induced by renovascular hypertension were described previously, but as far as we are aware no correlated biochemical and morphometric investigations were performed.Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into 2 experimental groups. One group was subjected to restriction of blood flow to the left kidney by the application of a silver clip about the left renal artery. The other group was sham-operated and served as a control. Renovascular hypertension developed in about 10 days: sistolic blood pressure averaged 165 ± 6. 4 mmHg, whereas it was about 110 ± 3. 8 mmHg in the control animals. The hypertensive and control rats were sacrificed 20 days after the operation. The blood was collected and plasma renin activity was determined by radioimmunological methods. The aldosterone concentration was radioimmunologically assayed both in the plasma and in the homogenate of the left capsular adrenal gland.

X-Ray Replication of Submicrometer Linewidth Patterns

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
Henry I. Smith ◽  
D.C. Flanders
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Backscattering ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Cross Sectional Profile ◽  
Carbon Foils ◽  
Sectional Profile ◽  
And Control ◽  
Soft Radiation

Scanning electron beam lithography has been used for a number of years to write submicrometer linewidth patterns in radiation sensitive films (resist films) on substrates. On semi-infinite substrates, electron backscattering severely limits the exposure latitude and control of cross-sectional profile for patterns having fundamental spatial frequencies below about 4000 Å(l),Recently, STEM'S have been used to write patterns with linewidths below 100 Å. To avoid the detrimental effects of electron backscattering however, the substrates had to be carbon foils about 100 Å thick (2,3). X-ray lithography using the very soft radiation in the range 10 - 50 Å avoids the problem of backscattering and thus permits one to replicate on semi-infinite substrates patterns with linewidths of the order of 1000 Å and less, and in addition provides means for controlling cross-sectional profiles. X-radiation in the range 4-10 Å on the other hand is appropriate for replicating patterns in the linewidth range above about 3000 Å, and thus is most appropriate for microelectronic applications (4 - 6).

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