Multimechanophore Graft Polymers: Mechanochemical Reactions at Backbone–Arm Junctions

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (24) ◽  
pp. 9561-9568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory I. Peterson ◽  
Jaeho Lee ◽  
Tae-Lim Choi
Keyword(s):  
Graft Polymers ◽  
Mechanochemical Reactions

scholarly journals Mechanochemistry of fluoride solids: from mechanical activation to mechanically stimulated synthesis

ChemTexts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Mechanochemical Synthesis ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Given ◽  
Mechanochemical Reactions

Abstract This lecture text is focused on the comparatively young field of mechanochemistry of fluoride solids, considering both their mechanical activation and their mechanochemical synthesis. Beside a literature survey, the mechanochemical synthesis of binary fluorides MF2, MF3, of complex fluorides MMgF4, of solid solutions MaxMb1−xF2 or M1−xLnxF2+x (Ln: Y, Eu) and of fluorine-containing coordination polymers is presented. Owing to their interesting potential applications in the field of fluoride ion conductivity or luminescence properties when doped, most of the given examples are alkaline earth metal compounds. A short historical survey, remarks on peculiarities and consequences of mechanical activation as well as the necessary technical equipment for mechanochemical reactions precede the section. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Radiation-Induced Asymmetric Grafting of Different Monomers into Base Films to Prepare Novel Bipolar Membranes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2028
Author(s):  
Shin-ichi Sawada ◽  
Yasunari Maekawa
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Graft Polymerization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Bipolar Membranes ◽  
Graft Polymers ◽  
Grafting Reactions ◽  
Radiation Induced

We prepared novel bipolar membranes (BPMs) consisting of cation and anion exchange layers (CEL and AEL) using radiation-induced asymmetric graft polymerization (RIAGP). In this technique, graft polymers containing cation and anion exchange groups were introduced into a base film from each side. To create a clear CEL/AEL boundary, grafting reactions were performed from each surface side using two graft monomer solutions, which are immiscible in each other. Sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SSS) and acrylic acid (AA) in water were co-grafted from one side of the base ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene film, and chloromethyl styrene (CMS) in xylene was simultaneously grafted from the other side, and then the CMS units were quaternized to afford a BPM. The distinct SSS + AA- and CMS-grafted layers were formed owing to the immiscibility of hydrophilic SSS + AA and hydrophobic CMS monomer solutions. This is the first BPM with a clear CEL/AEL boundary prepared by RIAGP. However, in this BPM, the CEL was considerably thinner than the AEL, which may be a problem in practical applications. Then, by using different starting times of the first SSS+AA and second CMS grafting reactions, the CEL and AEL thicknesses was found to be controlled in RIAGP.

Graft Polymers Derived from Natural Rubber

1956 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Bloomfield ◽  
F. M. Merrett ◽  
F. J. Popham ◽  
P. Mc L. Swift
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Transfer Reaction ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Vinyl Monomers ◽  
Grafted Polymer ◽  
Polymeric Chains ◽  
Graft Polymers ◽  
Direct Growth

Abstract Graft polymers result when vinyl monomers are polymerized in the presence of natural rubber, either in solution or as latex, and some of the polymeric chains become attached to the rubber molecules. The properties of the natural rubber can be widely modified according to the nature and the amount of the grafted polymer. The polymer-modified natural rubber appears to be produced by direct growth of polymer chains on to rubber molecules rather than by a transfer reaction involving the rubber. Graft polymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate with natural rubber can be compounded and cured to give light-colored articles of good tensile strength, and rubber-methyl methacrylate graft polymers have outstanding flex-cracking and fatigue resistance.

Mechanochemical reactions of coordination polymers by grinding with KBr

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (20) ◽  
pp. 2585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangayarkarasi Nagarathinam ◽  
Anjana Chanthapally ◽  
Saul H. Lapidus ◽  
Peter W. Stephens ◽  
Jagadese J. Vittal
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Mechanochemical Reactions

Mechanochemical Effects in Fatigue of Rubber

1965 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Reztsova ◽  
G. V. Chubarova ◽  
G. L. Slonimskii
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Mechanochemical Reactions

Abstract 1. It has been shown that the effectiveness of the action of antifatigue agents changes depending on the method of addition to the rubber. 2. The change in effectiveness of such agents points to the fact that there is significant connection between mechanochemical phenomena occurring during milling and fatigue of the polymer, which must be taken into account in manufacturing practice. 3. The effect of preliminary milling of the rubber with antifatigue agents on fatigue life of the compound apparently can be explained as resulting from consumption of antifatigue agents in the milling process, owing to mechanochemical reactions.

The mechanochemical reactions between CsF and kaolinite

1998 ◽  
Vol 276 (7) ◽  
pp. 601-609
Author(s):  
I. Lapides ◽  
S. Yariv ◽  
N. Lahav ◽  
I. Brodsky
Keyword(s):  
Mechanochemical Reactions

scholarly journals Effect of ball collision direction on a wet mechanochemical reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Kozawa ◽  
Kayo Fukuyama ◽  
Kizuku Kushimoto ◽  
Shingo Ishihara ◽  
Junya Kano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Tangential Component ◽  
Normal Direction ◽  
Mechanochemical Reaction ◽  
Precipitation Mechanism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mechanochemical Reactions ◽  
Ball Motion

AbstractMechanochemical reactions can be induced in a solution by the collision of balls to produce high-temperature and high-pressure zones, with the reactions occurring through a dissolution–precipitation mechanism due to a change in solubility. However, only a fraction of the impact energy contributes to the mechanochemical reactions, while the rest is mainly consumed by the wear of balls and the heat generation. To clarify whether the normal or tangential component of collisions makes a larger contribution on the reaction, herein we studied the effect of collision direction on a wet mechanochemical reaction through combined analysis of the experimental reaction rates and simulated ball motion. Collisions of balls in the normal direction were found to contribute strongly to the wet mechanochemical reaction. These results could be used to improve the synthesis efficiency, predict the reaction, and lower the wear in the wet mechanochemical reactions.

Mechanochemical reactions of cellulose and styrene

Cellulose ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 3217-3224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iina Solala ◽  
Ute Henniges ◽  
Katharina F. Pirker ◽  
Thomas Rosenau ◽  
Antje Potthast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanochemical Reactions
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