50th Anniversary Perspective: Polymer Crystals and Crystallization: Personal Journeys in a Challenging Research Field

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (16) ◽  
pp. 5995-6025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Lotz ◽  
Toshikazu Miyoshi ◽  
Stephen Z. D. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Polymer Crystals ◽  
Challenging Research

Nanocarriers(s) Based Approaches in Cancer Therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-148
Author(s):  
Vaishali Yadav ◽  
Ashutosh Pal Jain ◽  
Rajeev Sharma ◽  
Awesh K. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Magnetic Carriers ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Challenging Research ◽  
Efficient Loading ◽  
Related Mortality

Nanomedicine is an emerging field, which constitutes a new direction in the treatment of cancer. The advent of nanotechnology has the potential to greatly facilitate the early detection and treatment of cancer. Nanocarriers are a group of nano-sized vehicles devised to deliver loaded bioactive(s) to target malignant cells, tissues or organs and have provided remarkably improved therapeutic efficacy for cancer therapy. A variety of nanocarriers(s)such as dendrimers, nanoparticle(s), liposomes, micelles, gold carriers, solid lipid carriers, carbon nanotubes, magnetic carriers and viral carriers, incorporating cytotoxic therapeutics have emerged as striking delivery system(s) in the area of cancer research. To improve the biological distribution of therapeutic bioactive(s), some modified carriers have designed to accommodate efficient loading and release of drugs with a wide spectrum of chemical and physical characteristics. In addition, physicochemical modifications of the surface or interior of NPs allow for modulation of pharmacokinetic features as per clinical demands. However, cancer-related mortality still remains high and drug-mediated cancer treatment is a challenging research field despite the remarkable advances in targeting efficiency and therapeutic efficacy demonstrated and resulted from NPs.This review focuses primarily on current nano drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. The current challenges related to therapeutic nanomedicines, as well as critical analysis of the different delivery nanoparticles, are also discussed.

scholarly journals A Double Siamese Framework for Differential Morphing Attack Detection

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3466
Author(s):  
Guido Borghi ◽  
Emanuele Pancisi ◽  
Matteo Ferrara ◽  
Davide Maltoni
Keyword(s):  
Research Field ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Attack Detection ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Challenging Research ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
Face Morphing ◽  
Extract Information

Face morphing and related morphing attacks have emerged as a serious security threat for automatic face recognition systems and a challenging research field. Therefore, the availability of effective and reliable morphing attack detectors is strongly needed. In this paper, we proposed a framework based on a double Siamese architecture to tackle the morphing attack detection task in the differential scenario, in which two images, a trusted live acquired image and a probe image (morphed or bona fide) are given as the input for the system. In particular, the presented framework aimed to merge the information computed by two different modules to predict the final score. The first one was designed to extract information about the identity of the input faces, while the second module was focused on the detection of artifacts related to the morphing process. Experimental results were obtained through several and rigorous cross-dataset tests, exploiting three well-known datasets, namely PMDB, MorphDB, and AMSL, containing automatic and manually refined facial morphed images, showing that the proposed framework was able to achieve satisfying results.

scholarly journals Motion Direction Inconsistency-Based Fight Detection for Multiview Surveillance Videos

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chuang Yao ◽  
Xiaoyan Su ◽  
Xuehua Wang ◽  
Xinyi Kang ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Optical Flow ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Cyberphysical Systems ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Challenging Research

Nowadays, with the increasing number of surveillance cameras, human behavior detection is of importance for public security. Detection of fight behavior using video surveillance is an essential and challenging research field. We propose a multiview fight detection method based on statistical characteristics of the optical flow and random forest. Cyberphysical systems for monitoring can obtain timely and accurate information from this method. Two novel descriptors named Motion Direction Inconsistency (MoDI) and Weighted Motion Direction Inconsistency (WMoDI) are defined to improve the performance of existing methods for videos with different shooting views and solve the misjudgment on nonfight, such as running and talking. First, YOLO V3 algorithm is applied to mark the motion areas, and then, the optical flow is computed to extract descriptors. Finally, Random Forest is used for classification based on statistical characteristics of descriptors. The evaluation results on CASIA dataset demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the accuracy and reduce the rate of missing alarm and false alarm for the detection, and it is very robust against videos with different shooting views.

Blood flow to the heart from noncoronary arteries: an intriguing but challenging research field

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Picichè ◽  
Elie Fadel ◽  
John G. Kingma ◽  
Francois Dagenais ◽  
Justin Robillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Challenging Research

scholarly journals Estimating Demolition Costs for Single Residential Buildings

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlu Liu ◽  
Benjamin Lyle ◽  
Craig Langston
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Actual Form ◽  
Challenging Research ◽  
Aging Structures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Components

With the increasing stock of aging structures, buildingdemolition is becoming a challenging research field fromthe perspective of management. As the converse ofconstruction, management of demolition puts forward somenew management themes or adds some new contentseven though the same issues are faced in constructionmanagement. This research aims to develop a quantitativeapproach to estimate the costs of a demolition project. Acost analysis method is presented to systematically breakdown the cost components involved in the demolition ofa structure. Due to the lack of robust research in theoryand systematic summary in practice to date, the economicperformances of demolition will be studied through a casestudy, and the majority of parameters are derived fromactual experiences in practice. The proposed demolition costestimation method is applied to the actual form of buildingelimination (ScenariO 1), and further comparison is carriedout with two other elimination methods, which are the newlydeveloped deconstruction (Scenario 2) and mechanicaldemolition (Scenario 3). Deconstruction is found to be themost profitable in this particular instance, and is closelyfollowed by the actual form.

scholarly journals A Dynamic Modeling Method for the Bi-Directional Pneumatic Actuator Using Dynamic Equilibrium Equation

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Yiqing Li ◽  
Wen Zhou ◽  
Junwu Wu ◽  
Guoxu Hu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Dynamic Modeling ◽  
Equilibrium Equation ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
Pneumatic Actuator ◽  
Pneumatic Actuators ◽  
Challenging Research ◽  
Rubber Block

Dynamic modeling of soft pneumatic actuators are a challenging research field. In this paper, a dynamic modeling method used for a bi-directionaly soft pneumatic actuator with symmetrical chambers is proposed. In this dynamic model, the effect of uninflated rubber block on bending deformation is considered. The errors resulting from the proposed dynamic equilibrium equation are analyzed, and a compensation method for the dynamic equilibrium equation is proposed. The equation can be solved quickly after simplification. The results show that the proposed dynamic model can describe the motion process of the bi-directional pneumatic actuator effectively.

scholarly journals Improved Oct Image Enhancement using Clahe

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1351-1355
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Medical Image Processing ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Challenging Research

Medical image processing is a challenging research field, since most captured images suffer from noise and poor contrast nature. The accuracy of details present in the medical image depends entirely on the captured image quality. The factor that affects the quality of the images includes poor illumination conditions, capturing devices and inexperienced technicians that may result in low contrast images. Hence, contrast enhancement techniques are necessary to improve the quality of OCT images for further processing. In this paper, the enhancement of OCT images is carried out using various enhancement techniques to identify the method that offers improvement in the enhancement quality of the image. It presents a comparative evaluation of enhancement techniques based on the performance indices calculated from the experimental results. The results of this research work suggest the better enhancement technique suitable for OCT images depending on the various performance metrics used prominently in medical imaging

USING NEURAL NETWORKS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF UNSUCCESSFUL NEGOTIATION THREADS

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 457-487
Author(s):  
IOANNA ROUSSAKI ◽  
IOANNIS PAPAIOANNOU ◽  
MILTIADES ANAGNOSTOU
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Negotiation Strategies ◽  
Challenging Research

Building agents that negotiate on behalf of their owners aiming to maximise their utility is a quite challenging research field in the artificial intelligence domain. In this paper, such agents are enhanced with techniques based on neural networks (NNs) to predict their opponents' negotiation behaviour, thus achieving more profitable results and better resource utilization. The NNs are used to early detect the cases where agreements are not achievable, supporting the decision of the agents to withdraw or not from the negotiation threads. The designed NN-assisted negotiation strategies have been evaluated via extensive experiments and are proven to be very useful.

Historical Introduction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 2-5
Author(s):  
R. D. Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Primary Electrons ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Mutual Agreement

This program has been organized by the EMSA to commensurate the 50th anniversary of the experimental verification of the wave nature of the electron. Davisson and Germer in the U.S. and Thomson and Reid in Britian accomplished this at about the same time. Their findings were published in Nature in 1927 by mutual agreement since their independent efforts had led to the same conclusion at about the same time. In 1937 Davisson and Thomson shared the Nobel Prize in physics for demonstrating the wave nature of the electron deduced in 1924 by Louis de Broglie.The Davisson experiments (1921-1927) were concerned with the angular distribution of secondary electron emission from nickel surfaces produced by 150 volt primary electrons. The motivation was the effect of secondary emission on the characteristics of vacuum tubes but significant deviations from the results expected for a corpuscular electron led to a diffraction interpretation suggested by Elasser in 1925.

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