Elasticity at Swelling Equilibrium of Ultrasoft Polyelectrolyte Gels: Comparisons of Theory and Experiments

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 2456-2466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Morozova ◽  
Murugappan Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Polyelectrolyte Gels ◽  
Swelling Equilibrium ◽  
Theory And Experiments

scholarly journals Effect of Nonlinear Elasticity on the Swelling Behaviors of Highly Swollen Polyelectrolyte Gels

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Jian Tang ◽  
Takuya Katashima ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yoshiro Mitsukami ◽  
Yuki Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Swelling Behavior ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Gels ◽  
Finite Extensibility ◽  
Swelling Equilibrium ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Condensation Effect ◽  
Swelling Behaviors

Polyelectrolyte gels exhibit swelling behaviors that are dependent on the external environment. The swelling behaviors of highly charged polyelectrolyte gels can be well explained using the Flory–Rehner model combined with the Gibbs–Donnan effect and Manning’s counterion condensation effect (the FRGDM model). This study investigated the swelling properties of a series of model polyelectrolyte gels, namely tetra-polyacrylic acid-polyethylene glycol gels (Tetra-PAA-PEG gels), and determined the applicability of the FRGDM model. The swelling ratio (Vs/V0) was well reproduced by the FRGDM model in the moderate swelling regime (Vs/V0 < 10). However, in the high swelling regime (Vs/V0 > 10), the FRGDM model is approx. 1.6 times larger than the experimental results. When we introduced the finite extensibility to the elastic free energy in the FRGDM model, the swelling behavior was successfully reproduced even in the high swelling regime. Our results reveal that finite extensibility is one of the factors determining the swelling equilibrium of highly charged polyelectrolyte gels. The modified FRGDM model reproduces well the swelling behavior of a wide range of polyelectrolyte gels.

scholarly journals Polyelectrolyte Gels: A Unique Class of Soft Materials

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Ferenc Horkay
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Process ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Swelling Kinetics ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Gels ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Counter Ions ◽  
Kinetics Of

The objective of this article is to introduce the readers to the field of polyelectrolyte gels. These materials are common in living systems and have great importance in many biomedical and industrial applications. In the first part of this paper, we briefly review some characteristic properties of polymer gels with an emphasis on the unique features of this type of soft material. Unsolved problems and possible future research directions are highlighted. In the second part, we focus on the typical behavior of polyelectrolyte gels. Many biological materials (e.g., tissues) are charged (mainly anionic) polyelectrolyte gels. Examples are shown to illustrate the effect of counter-ions on the osmotic swelling behavior and the kinetics of the swelling of model polyelectrolyte gels. These systems exhibit a volume transition as the concentration of higher valence counter-ions is gradually increased in the equilibrium bath. A hierarchy is established in the interaction strength between the cations and charged polymer molecules according to the chemical group to which the ions belong. The swelling kinetics of sodium polyacrylate hydrogels is investigated in NaCl solutions and in solutions containing both NaCl and CaCl2. In the presence of higher valence counter-ions, the swelling/shrinking behavior of these gels is governed by the diffusion of free ions in the swollen network, the ion exchange process and the coexistence of swollen and collapsed states.

scholarly journals Turbulent thermal diffusion in strongly stratified turbulence: Theory and experiments

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Amir ◽  
N. Bar ◽  
A. Eidelman ◽  
T. Elperin ◽  
N. Kleeorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Diffusion ◽  
Turbulence Theory ◽  
Stratified Turbulence ◽  
Theory And Experiments

scholarly journals Radar Cross-Section Pattern Measurements in a Mode-Stirred Reverberation Chamber: Theory and Experiments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Ariston Reis ◽  
Francois Sarrazin ◽  
Elodie Richalot ◽  
Stephane Meric ◽  
Jerome Sol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Radar Cross Section ◽  
Reverberation Chamber ◽  
Theory And Experiments
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