Lewis Base-Mediated Perovskite Crystallization as Revealed by In Situ, Real-Time Optical Absorption Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
pp. 5357-5362
Author(s):  
Yang Sun ◽  
Xinli Wang ◽  
Hao-Yi Wang ◽  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Lewis Base ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy

scholarly journals Comparison of tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical columns in an urban environment using satellite, multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy, and in situ measurements

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2907-2924 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mendolia ◽  
R. J. C. D'Souza ◽  
G. J. Evans ◽  
J. Brook
Keyword(s):  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Vertical Column ◽  
Above Ground Level

Abstract. Tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities have been retrieved and compared for the first time in Toronto, Canada, using three methods of differing spatial scales. Remotely sensed NO2 vertical column densities, retrieved from multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy and satellite remote sensing, were evaluated by comparison with in situ vertical column densities estimated using a pair of chemiluminescence monitors situated 0.01 and 0.5 km a.g.l. (above ground level). The chemiluminescence measurements were corrected for the influence of NOz, which reduced the NO2 concentrations at 0.01 and 0.5 km by an average of 8 ± 1% and 12 ± 1%, respectively. The average absolute decrease in the chemiluminescence NO2 measurement as a result of this correction was less than 1 ppb. The monthly averaged ratio of the NO2 concentration at 0.5 to 0.01 km varied seasonally, and exhibited a negative linear dependence on the monthly average temperature, with Pearson's R = 0.83. During the coldest month, February, this ratio was 0.52 ± 0.04, while during the warmest month, July, this ratio was 0.34 ± 0.04, illustrating that NO2 is not well mixed within 0.5 km above ground level. Good correlation was observed between the remotely sensed and in situ NO2 vertical column densities (Pearson's R value ranging from 0.72 to 0.81), but the in situ vertical column densities were 52 to 58% greater than the remotely sensed columns. These results indicate that NO2 horizontal heterogeneity strongly impacted the magnitude of the remotely sensed columns. The in situ columns reflected an urban environment with major traffic sources, while the remotely sensed NO2 vertical column densities were representative of the region, which included spatial heterogeneity introduced by residential neighbourhoods and Lake Ontario. Despite the difference in absolute values, the reasonable correlation between the vertical column densities determined by three distinct methods increased confidence in the validity of the values provided by each measurement technique.

scholarly journals Spatially resolved measurements of nitrogen dioxide in an urban environment using concurrent multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 12671-12700
Author(s):  
R. J. Leigh ◽  
G. K. Corlett ◽  
U. Frieß ◽  
P. S. Monks
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
In Situ Techniques

Abstract. A novel system using the technique of concurrent multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy system has been developed and applied to the measurement of nitrogen dioxide in an urban environment. Using five fixed telescopes, slant columns of nitrogen dioxide, ozone, water vapour, and the oxygen dimer, O4, are simultaneously retrieved in five vertically separated viewing directions. The application of this remote sensing technique in the urban environment is explored. Through, the application of several simplifying assumptions a tropospheric concentration of NO2 is derived and compared with an urban background in-situ chemiluminescence detector. The remote sensing and in-situ techniques show good agreement. Owing to the high time resolution of the measurements, the ability to image and quantify plumes within the urban environment is demonstrated. The CMAX-DOAS measurements provide a useful measure of overall NO2 concentrations on a city-wide scale.

scholarly journals Estimating real driving emissions from multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements at the A60 motorway near Mainz, Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 769-783
Author(s):  
Bianca Lauster ◽  
Steffen Dörner ◽  
Steffen Beirle ◽  
Sebastian Donner ◽  
Sergey Gromov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Emission Standards

Abstract. In urban areas, road traffic is a dominant source of nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2). Although the emissions from individual vehicles are regulated by the European emission standards, real driving emissions often exceed these limits. In this study, two multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instruments on opposite sides of the motorway were used to measure the NO2 absorption caused by road traffic at the A60 motorway close to Mainz, Germany. In combination with wind data, the total NOx emissions for the occurring traffic volume can be estimated. Hereto, the ozone-dependent photochemical equilibrium between NO and NO2 is considered. We show that for 10 May 2019 the measured emissions exceed the maximum expected emissions calculated from the European emission standards for standardised test cycles by a factor of 11±7. One major advantage of the method used here is that MAX-DOAS measurements are very sensitive to the integrated NO2 concentration close to the surface. Thus, all emitted NO2 molecules are detected independently from their altitude, and therefore the whole emission plume originating from the nearby motorway is captured, which is a key advantage compared to other approaches such as in situ measurements.

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