Variations in Atomic-Scale Step Edge Structures and Dynamics of Dissolving Calcite in Water Revealed by High-Speed Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (32) ◽  
pp. 19786-19793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Miyata ◽  
Yuta Kawagoe ◽  
John Tracey ◽  
Keisuke Miyazawa ◽  
Adam S. Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Step Edge ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Scale Step

scholarly journals Atomic-scale structures and dynamics at the growing calcite step edge investigated by high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Miyata ◽  
Yuta Kawagoe ◽  
Naoyuki Miyashita ◽  
Tomoki Nakagawa ◽  
Takeshi Fukuma
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Step Edge ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Scale Structures

We have investigated the calcite growth mechanism by directly imaging atomic-scale structural changes at the growing step edges with high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (HS-FM-AFM). We compared the results...

scholarly journals Quantitative comparison of wideband low-latency phase-locked loop circuit designs for high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1844-1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Miyata ◽  
Takeshi Fukuma
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Afm Imaging

A phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit is the central component of frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM). However, its response speed is often insufficient, and limits the FM-AFM imaging speed. To overcome this issue, we propose a PLL design that enables high-speed FM-AFM. We discuss the main problems with the conventional PLL design and their possible solutions. In the conventional design, a low-pass filter with relatively high latency is used in the phase feedback loop, leading to a slow response of the PLL. In the proposed design, a phase detector with a low-latency high-pass filter is located outside the phase feedback loop, while a subtraction-based phase comparator with negligible latency is located inside the loop. This design minimizes the latency within the phase feedback loop and significantly improves the PLL response speed. In addition, we implemented PLLs with the conventional and proposed designs in the same field programmable gate array chip and quantitatively compared their performances. The results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed PLL is superior to that of the conventional PLL: 165 kHz bandwidth and 3.2 μs latency in water. Using this setup, we performed FM-AFM imaging of calcite dissolution in water at 0.5 s/frame with true atomic resolution. The high-speed and high-resolution imaging capabilities of the proposed design will enable a wide range of studies to be conducted on various atomic-scale dynamic phenomena at solid–liquid interfaces.

Atomic-Scale Imaging of Surface and Hydration Structures of Stable and Metastable Acetaminophen Crystals by Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (38) ◽  
pp. 21983-21990
Author(s):  
Naritaka Kobayashi ◽  
Mihoko Maruyama ◽  
Yoichiro Mori ◽  
Suguru Fukukita ◽  
Hiroaki Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

scholarly journals Dissolution Processes at Step Edges of Calcite in Water Investigated by High-Speed Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy and Simulation

Nano Letters ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 4083-4089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Miyata ◽  
John Tracey ◽  
Keisuke Miyazawa ◽  
Ville Haapasilta ◽  
Peter Spijker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Step Edges

INVITED PAPER: Instrumentation and Biological Applications of High-Resolution Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Fukuma
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Alkali Halides ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Atomic Force

Frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) has been a powerful tool for imaging atomic-scale structures and properties of various materials including metals, semiconductors, metal oxides, alkali halides and organic systems. Whilst the method has been used mainly in ultrahigh vacuum environments, recent progress in FM-AFM instrumentation made it possible to apply this technique also to investigations in liquid. This technological innovation opened up a variety of applications of FM-AFM in biology and electrochemistry. To date, the improved FM-AFM instrument and technique have been applied to investigations of several biological materials, providing novel information that has not been accessible with other imaging techniques. In this review, I will summarize the recent progress in FM-AFM instrumentation and biological applications in liquid.

Improvements in fundamental performance of in-liquid frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

Microscopy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 340-349
Author(s):  
Takeshi Fukuma
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Hydration Structure ◽  
Force Resolution

Abstract In-liquid frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) has been used for visualizing subnanometer-scale surface structures of minerals, organic thin films and biological systems. In addition, three-dimensional atomic force microscopy (3D-AFM) has been developed by combining it with a three-dimensional (3D) tip scanning method. This method enabled the visualization of 3D distributions of water (i.e. hydration structures) and flexible molecular chains at subnanometer-scale resolution. While these applications highlighted the unique capabilities of FM-AFM, its force resolution, speed and stability are not necessarily at a satisfactory level for practical applications. Recently, there have been significant advancements in these fundamental performances. The force resolution was dramatically improved by using a small cantilever, which enabled the imaging of a 3D hydration structure even in pure water and made it possible to directly compare experimental results with simulated ones. In addition, the improved force resolution allowed the enhancement of imaging speed without compromising spatial resolution. To achieve this goal, efforts have been made for improving bandwidth, resonance frequency and/or latency of various components, including a high-speed phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit. With these improvements, now atomic-resolution in-liquid FM-AFM imaging can be performed at ∼1 s/frame. Furthermore, a Si-coating method was found to improve stability and reproducibility of atomic-resolution imaging owing to formation of a stable hydration structure on a tip apex. These improvements have opened up new possibilities of atomic-scale studies on solid-liquid interfacial phenomena by in-liquid FM-AFM.

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