Improving the Energy Efficiency of CO2 Conversion in Nonequilibrium Plasmas through Pulsing

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (29) ◽  
pp. 17650-17665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Vermeiren ◽  
Annemie Bogaerts
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Nonequilibrium Plasmas

scholarly journals CO2 conversion by plasma: how to get efficient CO2 conversion and high energy efficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxiang Yin ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Zhikai Li ◽  
Edwin Devid ◽  
Daniel Auerbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Plasma Technology ◽  
Green Electricity ◽  
High Energy Efficiency

Plasma technology, combined with activation on surfaces, is a novel way to convert CO2 using green electricity.

scholarly journals DBD Plasma Combined with Different Foam Metal Electrodes for CO2 Decomposition: Experimental Results and DFT Validations

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Li ◽  
Xingwu Zhai ◽  
Cunhua Ma ◽  
Shengjie Zhu ◽  
Feng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Discharge Characteristics ◽  
Foam Metal ◽  
Metal Materials ◽  
Filamentary Discharge ◽  
Co2 Decomposition

In the last few years, due to the large amount of greenhouse gas emissions causing environmental issue like global warming, methods for the full consumption and utilization of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) have attracted great attention. In this study, a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) coaxial reactor has been developed and applied to split CO2 into industrial fuel carbon monoxide (CO). Different packing materials (foam Fe, Al, and Ti) were placed into the discharge gap of the DBD reactor, and then CO2 conversion was investigated. The effects of power, flow velocity, and other discharge characteristics of CO2 conversion were studied to understand the influence of the filling catalysts on CO2 splitting. Experimental results showed that the filling of foam metals in the reactor caused changes in discharge characteristics and discharge patterns, from the original filamentary discharge to the current filamentary discharge as well as surface discharge. Compared with the maximum CO2 conversion of 21.15% and energy efficiency of 3.92% in the reaction tube without the foam metal materials, a maximum CO2 decomposition rate of 44.84%, 44.02%, and 46.61% and energy efficiency of 6.86%, 6.19%, and 8.85% were obtained in the reaction tubes packed with foam Fe, Al, and Ti, respectively. The CO2 conversion rate for reaction tubes filled with the foam metal materials was clearly enhanced compared to the non-packed tubes. It could be seen that the foam Ti had the best CO2 decomposition rate among the three foam metals. Furthermore, we used density functional theory to further verify the experimental results. The results indicated that CO2 adsorption had a lower activation energy barrier on the foam Ti surface. The theoretical calculation was consistent with the experimental results, which better explain the mechanism of CO2 decomposition.

scholarly journals The Potential Use of Core-Shell Structured Spheres in a Packed-Bed DBD Plasma Reactor for CO2 Conversion

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Yannick Uytdenhouwen ◽  
Vera Meynen ◽  
Pegie Cool ◽  
Annemie Bogaerts
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Dbd Plasma ◽  
Specific Material

This work proposes to use core-shell structured spheres to evaluate whether it allows to individually optimize bulk and surface effects of a packing material, in order to optimize conversion and energy efficiency. Different core-shell materials have been prepared by spray coating, using dense spheres (as core) and powders (as shell) of SiO2, Al2O3, and BaTiO3. The materials are investigated for their performance in CO2 dissociation and compared against a benchmark consisting of a packed-bed reactor with the pure dense spheres, as well as an empty reactor. The results in terms of CO2 conversion and energy efficiency show various interactions between the core and shell material, depending on their combination. Al2O3 was found as the best core material under the applied conditions here, followed by BaTiO3 and SiO2, in agreement with their behaviour for the pure spheres. Applying a thin shell layer on the cores showed equal performance between the different shell materials. Increasing the layer thickness shifts this behaviour, and strong combination effects were observed depending on the specific material. Therefore, this method of core-shell spheres has the potential to allow tuning of the packing properties more closely to the application by designing an optimal combination of core and shell.

CO2 conversion by thermal plasma with carbon as reducing agent: high CO yield and energy efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng LIU ◽  
Xuesong LIU ◽  
Jun SHEN ◽  
Yongxiang YIN ◽  
Tao YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Co2 Conversion

Drying and heating of scrap metal at steelmaking: industrial safety, economics, ecology

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 1353-1258
Author(s):  
V. A. Spirin ◽  
V. E. Nikol’skii ◽  
D. V. Vokhmintsev ◽  
A. A. Moiseev ◽  
P. G. Smirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Scrap Metal ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Metal Charge ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
Scrap Heating ◽  
Winter Time

At steel production based on scrap metal utilization, the scrap heating before charging into a melting facility is an important way of energy efficiency increase and ecological parameters improving. In winter time scrap metal charging with ice inclusions into a metal melt can result in a considerable damage of equipment and even accidents. Therefore, scrap preliminary drying is necessary to provide industrial safety. It was shown, that in countries with warm and low-snow climate with no risk of scrap metal icing up during its transportation and storing in the open air, the basic task being solved at the scrap drying is an increase of energy efficiency of steelmaking. InRussiathe scrap metal drying first of all provides the safety of the process and next - energy saving. Existing technologies of scrap metal drying and heating considered, as well as advantages and drawbacks of technical solutions used at Russian steel plants. In winter time during scrap metal heating at conveyers (Consteel process) hot gases penetrate not effectively into its mass, the heat is not enough for evaporation of wetness in the metal charge. At scrap heating by the furnace gases, a problem of dioxines emissions elimination arises. Application of shaft heaters results in high efficiency of scrap heating. However, under conditions of Russian winter the upper scrap layers are not always heated higher 0 °С and after getting into a furnace bath the upper scrap layers cause periodical vapor explosions. The shaft heaters create optimal conditions for dioxines formation, which emit into atmosphere. It was shown, that accounting Russian economic and nature conditions, the metal charge drying and heating in modified charging buckets by the heat of burnt natural gas or other additional fuel is optimal. The proposed technical solution enables to burnt off organic impurities ecologically safely, to melt down ice, to evaporate the wetness in the scrap as well as to heat the charge as enough as the charging logistics enables it. The method was implemented at several Russian steel plants. Technical and economical indices of scrap metal drying in buckets under conditions of EAF-based shop, containing two furnaces ДСП-100, presented.

Perspectives and Regulation of the Russian Market for Project-based Transactions under the Kyoto Protocol

2008 ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
K. Zavodov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
New Form ◽  
Contract Structure ◽  
Carbon Fund

Project-based transactions (PBTs) are a market mechanism of attracting foreign investments in order to abate greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy efficiency of the country’s enterprises. The article provides a classification and analyzes advantages and drawbacks of PBTs from the point of view of a host country. The main trends and factors determining the dynamics of the PBT market are described. Given that Russia currently lags behind the leaders of the PBT market, an incorporation of a state carbon fund is put forward with an aim of channelling PBTs through it. This paper proposes a form of PBT market regulation by incorporating an option mechanism into the contract structure of a transaction. A comparison of the new form of regulation with the tools that are currently in use in Russia and other countries demonstrates its greater economic efficiency under uncertainty.

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