Effect of Ion Volume on the Asymmetry of Two-Dimensional Planar Capacitive Deionization System: Determination and Manipulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (22) ◽  
pp. 13434-13443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Shui ◽  
Emad Alhseinat ◽  
Muthukumaraswamy Rangaraj Vengatesan
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
The Asymmetry

Effect of the lifetime of the intermediate 5Li state in the 6Li(3He, αp)4He reaction

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (20) ◽  
pp. 2241-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Reimann ◽  
P. W. Martin ◽  
E. W. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Energy Dependence ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Intermediate State ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Semiclassical Model ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Asymmetry

A cylindrical asymmetry about the direction of motion of 5Li has been seen in the breakup of the ground state of this nucleus observed as an intermediate state in the reaction 6Li(3He, pα)4He. Measurements were made at bombarding energies of 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50 MeV with isotopically enriched LiF targets using a two-dimensional analysis technique. We explain both the rough magnitude of the asymmetry and its qualitative energy dependence in terms of a simple semiclassical model. In this model the origin of the asymmetry is associated with the short life of the 5Li intermediate state and with the memory retained by the proton during this short life of its "localization" at the time of formation of 5Li.

scholarly journals Two-Dimensional Porous Electrode Model for Capacitive Deionization

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (44) ◽  
pp. 24681-24694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hemmatifar ◽  
Michael Stadermann ◽  
Juan G. Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Porous Electrode ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Porous Electrode Model

scholarly journals Exploring the Function of Ion-Exchange Membrane in Membrane Capacitive Deionization via a Fully Coupled Two-Dimensional Process Model

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1312
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Danny Reible
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Ion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Fully Coupled

In the arid west, the freshwater supply of many communities is limited, leading to increased interest in tapping brackish water resources. Although reverse osmosis is the most common technology to upgrade saline waters, there is also interest in developing and improving alternative technologies. Here we focus on membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI), which has attracted broad attention as a portable and energy-efficient desalination technology. In this study, a fully coupled two-dimensional MCDI process model capable of capturing transient ion transport and adsorption behaviors was developed to explore the function of the ion-exchange membrane (IEM) and detect MCDI influencing factors via sensitivity analysis. The IEM enhanced desalination by improving the counter-ions’ flux and increased adsorption in electrodes by encouraging retention of ions in electrode macropores. An optimized cycle time was proposed with maximal salt removal efficiency. The usage of the IEM, high applied voltage, and low flow rate were discovered to enhance this maximal salt removal efficiency. IEM properties including water uptake volume fraction, membrane thickness, and fixed charge density had a marginal impact on cycle time and salt removal efficiency within certain limits, while increasing cell length and electrode thickness and decreasing channel thickness and dispersivity significantly improved overall performance.

Two-dimensional Nutation Echo Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard S. Harbison ◽  
Andris Slokenbergs
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance ◽  
Pulse Sequence ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Zero Field ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Quadrupolar Nucleus ◽  
Quadrupole Resonance ◽  
Nuclear Quadrupole ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Asymmetry Parameters

Abstract We discuss two new two-dimensional nuclear quadrupole resonance experiments, both based on the principle of nutation spectroscopy, which can be used to determine the asymmetry parameter, and thus the full quadrupolar tensor, of spin-3/2 nuclei at zero applied magnetic field. The first experiment is a simple nutation pulse sequence in which the first time period (t1) is the duration of the radiofrequency exciting pulse; and the second (t2) is the normal free-precession of a quadrupolar nucleus at zero-field. After double Fourier-transformation, the result is a 2 D spectrum in which the first frequency dimension is the nutation spectrum for the quadrupolar nucleus at zero-field. For polycrystalline samples this sequence generates powder lineshapes; the position of the singularities, in these lineshapes can be used to determine the asymmetry parameters η in a very straightforward manner, η has previously only been obtainable using Zeeman perturbed NQR methods. The second sequence is the same nutation experiment with a spin-echo pulse added. The virtue of this refocussing pulse is that it allows acquisition of nutation spectra from samples with arbitrary inhomogeneous linewidth; thus, asymmetry parameters can be determined even where the quadrupolar resonance is wider than the bandwidth of the spectrometer. Experimental examples of 35Cl, 81Br and 63Cu nutation and nutation-echo spectra are presented.

scholarly journals Simulation of Automotive Warranty Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ronald Boyd Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Marginal Distributions ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Warranty Claims

<p>This thesis will investigate the prediction of the number of claims in a two dimensional automotive warranty claim model for the case of minimal repair.The method involved fitting marginal distributions for age of claim and mileage of claim seperately. Next, various copulas were fitted to establish the correlation between age and mileage, and assessed for fit. The Gumbel copula is chosen as optimal. From this Gumbel copula, a simulation of warranty claims is undertaken. The method produced a good fit for claim age but performed less well for claim mileage, due to the asymmetry of the correlation between mileage and age. Further research directions to improve the accuracy and usefulness of this model are suggested.</p>

scholarly journals Simulation of Automotive Warranty Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ronald Boyd Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Marginal Distributions ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Warranty Claims

<p>This thesis will investigate the prediction of the number of claims in a two dimensional automotive warranty claim model for the case of minimal repair.The method involved fitting marginal distributions for age of claim and mileage of claim seperately. Next, various copulas were fitted to establish the correlation between age and mileage, and assessed for fit. The Gumbel copula is chosen as optimal. From this Gumbel copula, a simulation of warranty claims is undertaken. The method produced a good fit for claim age but performed less well for claim mileage, due to the asymmetry of the correlation between mileage and age. Further research directions to improve the accuracy and usefulness of this model are suggested.</p>

scholarly journals High-accuracy Ising machine using Kerr-nonlinear parametric oscillators with local four-body interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Kanao ◽  
Hayato Goto
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Parametric Oscillators ◽  
Adiabatic Quantum Computation ◽  
Asymmetric Networks ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
General Networks

AbstractA two-dimensional array of Kerr-nonlinear parametric oscillators (KPOs) with local four-body interactions is a promising candidate for realizing an Ising machine with all-to-all spin couplings, based on adiabatic quantum computation in the Lechner–Hauke–Zoller (LHZ) scheme. However, its performance has been evaluated only for a symmetric network of three KPOs, and thus it has been unclear whether such an Ising machine works in general cases with asymmetric networks. By numerically simulating an asymmetric network of more KPOs in the LHZ scheme, we find that the asymmetry in the four-body interactions causes inhomogeneity in photon numbers and hence degrades the performance. We then propose a method for reducing the inhomogeneity, where the discrepancies of the photon numbers are corrected by tuning the detunings of KPOs depending on their positions, without monitoring their states during adiabatic time evolution. Our simulation results show that the performance can be dramatically improved by this method. The proposed method, which is based on the understanding of the asymmetry, is expected to be useful for general networks of KPOs in the LHZ scheme and thus for their large-scale implementation.

Structural Dependences of Gunn Oscillations in a Planar Nano-Device

2014 ◽  
Vol 618 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Kun Yuan Xu ◽  
Ya Nan Wang ◽  
Zuo Nian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Threshold Voltage ◽  
Channel Width ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Ensemble Monte Carlo ◽  
Domain Evolution ◽  
Current Oscillations ◽  
Gunn Effect ◽  
The Asymmetry

Gunn oscillations in a GaAs-based planar nanodevice are studied using a two-dimensional ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC) method. Current oscillations with a frequency of about 0.1 THz have been observed. The current oscillations are accompanied by electron domain evolution along the nanochannel. As such, they can be attributed to Gunn Effect. Further study shows that the Gunn oscillations are not only bias-dependent, but also structural-dependent. The threshold voltage and the amplitude of the oscillations are both related to the channel width and the asymmetry of the device structure.

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