Electric Field Induced Polarization Effects Measured by in Situ Neutron Spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (42) ◽  
pp. 23582-23591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Ignazzi ◽  
Will P. Gates ◽  
Souleymane O. Diallo ◽  
Dehong Yu ◽  
Fanni Juranyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Neutron Spectroscopy ◽  
Polarization Effects

scholarly journals Static-Electric-Field-Induced Polarization Effects in Harmonic Generation

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Borca ◽  
A. V. Flegel ◽  
M. V. Frolov ◽  
N. L. Manakov ◽  
Dejan B. Milošević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Harmonic Generation ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Static Electric Field ◽  
Polarization Effects

scholarly journals Apparent resistivity and spectral induced polarization in the submarine environment

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERCULES DE SOUZA ◽  
EDSON E. S. SAMPAIO
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Apparent Resistivity ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Spectral Induced Polarization ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Research Show

Relatively few investigations have employed electrical methods in the submarine environment, which may be promising for mineral deposits or threatened by environmental problems. We have measured the electric field using both disk and bar electrodes in the sea water at three different levels: sea surface, seven meters deep, and sea bottom at a depth of ten meters, employing a 2 m spacing dipole-dipole array with 7 array spacings of investigation, and 13 values of frequencies at steps of (2N hertz, N = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2,.....10). The measurement allowed the analysis of the electric field as a function of frequency and spacing, and of the spectral induced polarization. Modelling and interpretation of the apparent resistivity yielded a good fit with previous drilling data. Analysis of the spectrum of the complex apparent resistivity and the comparison with equivalent circuits, provided information about the grain size, the mineral composition and the major induced polarization phenomenon occurring below the sea. Therefore the result of the present research show the feasibility of measuring the variation of seawater resistivity in situ, as well as the resistivity of sea bottom sediments.

scholarly journals An In-Situ Reaction Route to Molecular Level Dispersed Bisimide and ZnO Nanorod Hybrids with Efficient Photo-Induced Charge Transfer

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunzheng Lv ◽  
Lirong He ◽  
Jiahong Tang ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Chuhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Surface Photovoltage ◽  
Zno Nanorod ◽  
In Situ Reaction ◽  
Perylene Bisimide ◽  
Induced Charge

AbstractAs an important photoconductive hybrid material, perylene/ZnO has attracted tremendous attention for photovoltaic-related applications, but generally faces a great challenge to design molecular level dispersed perylenes/ZnO nanohybrids due to easy phase separation between perylenes and ZnO nanocrystals. In this work, we reported an in-situ reaction method to prepare molecular level dispersed H-aggregates of perylene bisimide/ZnO nanorod hybrids. Surface photovoltage and electric field-induced surface photovoltage spectrum show that the photovoltage intensities of nanorod hybrids increased dramatically for 100 times compared with that of pristine perylene bisimide. The enhancement of photovoltage intensities resulting from two aspects: (1) the photo-generated electrons transfer from perylene bisimide to ZnO nanorod due to the electric field formed on the interface of perylene bisimide/ZnO; (2) the H-aggregates of perylene bisimide in ZnO nanorod composites, which is beneficial for photo-generated charge separation and transportation. The introduction of ordered self-assembly thiol-functionalized perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (T-PTCDI)/ ZnO nanorod composites induces a significant improvement in incident photo-to-electron conversion efficiency. This work provides a novel mentality to boost photo-induced charge transfer efficiency, which brings new inspiration for the preparation of the highly efficient solar cell.

scholarly journals Tuning Single-Molecule Conductance by Controlled Electric Field-Induced trans-to-cis Isomerisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3317
Author(s):  
C.S. Quintans ◽  
Denis Andrienko ◽  
Katrin F. Domke ◽  
Daniel Aravena ◽  
Sangho Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Single Molecule Level ◽  
Wet Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Single Molecule Junctions ◽  
Tunnelling Microscopy ◽  
The Difference

External electric fields (EEFs) have proven to be very efficient in catalysing chemical reactions, even those inaccessible via wet-chemical synthesis. At the single-molecule level, oriented EEFs have been successfully used to promote in situ single-molecule reactions in the absence of chemical catalysts. Here, we elucidate the effect of an EEFs on the structure and conductance of a molecular junction. Employing scanning tunnelling microscopy break junction (STM-BJ) experiments, we form and electrically characterize single-molecule junctions of two tetramethyl carotene isomers. Two discrete conductance signatures show up more prominently at low and high applied voltages which are univocally ascribed to the trans and cis isomers of the carotenoid, respectively. The difference in conductance between both cis-/trans- isomers is in concordance with previous predictions considering π-quantum interference due to the presence of a single gauche defect in the trans isomer. Electronic structure calculations suggest that the electric field polarizes the molecule and mixes the excited states. The mixed states have a (spectroscopically) allowed transition and, therefore, can both promote the cis-isomerization of the molecule and participate in electron transport. Our work opens new routes for the in situ control of isomerisation reactions in single-molecule contacts.

scholarly journals Revealing the mechanism of electric-field-induced phase transition in antiferroelectric NaNbO3 by in situ high-energy x-ray diffraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (13) ◽  
pp. 132903
Author(s):  
Mao-Hua Zhang ◽  
Changhao Zhao ◽  
Lovro Fulanović ◽  
Jürgen Rödel ◽  
Nikola Novak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The spacecraft wake as a tool to detect cold ions: Turning a problem into a feature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats André ◽  
Anders I. Eriksson ◽  
Yuri V. Khotyaintsev ◽  
Sergio Toledo-Redondo
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Double Probe ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Collisionless Plasmas ◽  
Mass Outflow ◽  
Wake Effects ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Positively Charged

<p>Wakes behind scientific spacecraft caused by supersonic drifting ions is common in collisionless plasmas. Such wakes change the local plasma conditions and disturb in situ observations of the geophysical plasma parameters. We concentrate on observations of the electric field with double-probe instruments. Sometimes the wake effects are caused by the spacecraft body, are minor and easy to detect, and can be compensated for in a reasonable way. We show an example from the Cluster spacecraft in the solar wind. Sometimes the effects are caused by an electrostatic structure around a positively charged spacecraft causing an enhanced wake and major effects on the local plasma. Here observations of the geophysical electric field with the double-probe technique becomes impossible. Rather, the wake can be used to detect the presence of cold positive ions. Together with other instruments, also the cold ion flux can be estimated. We discuss such examples from the Cluster spacecraft in the magnetospheric lobes. For an intermediate range of parameters, when the drift energy of the ions is comparable to the equivalent charge of the spacecraft, also the charged wire booms of a double-probe instrument must be taken into account to extract useful information from the observations. We show an example from the MMS spacecraft near the magnetopause. With understanding of the physics causing wakes behind spacecraft, the local effects can sometimes be compensated for. When this is not possible, sometimes entirely new geophysical parameters can be estimated. An example is the flux of cold positive ions, constituting a major part of the mass outflow from planet Earth, using electric and magnetic field instruments on a spacecraft charged due to photoionization</p><p> </p>

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