scholarly journals Chemical Potential Driven Reorganization of Anions between Stern and Diffuse Layers at the Air/Water Interface

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raju R. Kumal ◽  
Srikanth Nayak ◽  
Wei Bu ◽  
Ahmet Uysal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Diffuse Layers

scholarly journals An experimental investigation of Gibbs' thermodynamical theory of interfacial concentration in the case of an air-water interface

1911 ◽  
Vol 85 (582) ◽  
pp. 557-573 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Fundamental Equation ◽  
Thermodynamic Temperature ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Bulk Concentration ◽  
Interfacial Concentration ◽  
Air Water Interface

1. Introduction .—Consider an aqueous solution of a substance S, the concentration being denoted by c. Let this solution be separated from another phase (oil, air, etc.), in which the concentration of the substance S is negligibly small. We may apply to this case Gibbs’ fundamental equation Г = — dσ/dμ , where σ is interfacial tension, μ is chemical potential of S in the aqueous solution, Г is mass of S per unit area of interface in excess of that corresponding to the uniform bulk-concentration of S in the solution. It will be seen that Г is, in fact, the amount of S per unit area of interface adsorbed or concentrated in the interfacial transition layer. If we are justified in applying the laws of dilute solutions, the above equation can be written Г = — e /RT dσ/dc where R is the constant of the simple gas equation and T is absolute thermodynamic temperature.

The role of chemical potential in the adsorption of lysozyme at the air-water interface

Langmuir ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2021-2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqian Xu ◽  
Srinivasan Damodaran
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Air Water Interface

Sampling and analysis of the air-water interface with SEM and EDS of microlayers

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1004-1005
Author(s):  
Randall W. Smith ◽  
John Dash
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Surface Films ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
Bulk Chemical

The structure of the air-water interface forms a boundary layer that involves biological ,chemical geological and physical processes in its formation. Freshwater and sea surface microlayers form at the air-water interface and include a diverse assemblage of organic matter, detritus, microorganisms, plankton and heavy metals. The sampling of microlayers and the examination of components is presently a significant area of study because of the input of anthropogenic materials and their accumulation at the air-water interface. The neustonic organisms present in this environment may be sensitive to the toxic components of these inputs. Hardy reports that over 20 different methods have been developed for sampling of microlayers, primarily for bulk chemical analysis. We report here the examination of microlayer films for the documentation of structure and composition.Baier and Gucinski reported the use of Langmuir-Blogett films obtained on germanium prisms for infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR-ATR) of components. The sampling of microlayers has been done by collecting fi1ms on glass plates and teflon drums, We found that microlayers could be collected on 11 mm glass cover slips by pulling a Langmuir-Blogett film from a surface microlayer. Comparative collections were made on methylcel1ulose filter pads. The films could be air-dried or preserved in Lugol's Iodine Several slicks or surface films were sampled in September, 1987 in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland and in August, 1988 in Sequim Bay, Washington, For glass coverslips the films were air-dried, mounted on SEM pegs, ringed with colloidal silver, and sputter coated with Au-Pd, The Langmuir-Blogett film technique maintained the structure of the microlayer intact for examination, SEM observation and EDS analysis were then used to determine organisms and relative concentrations of heavy metals, using a Link AN 10000 EDS system with an ISI SS40 SEM unit. Typical heavy microlayer films are shown in Figure 3.

Temperature Dependence of the Air/Water Interface Revealed by Polarization Sensitive Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Moberg ◽  
Shelby C. Straight ◽  
Francesco Paesani
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Potential Energy Function ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Sum Frequency Generation ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Sum Frequency ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Frequency Generation

<div> <div> <div> <p>The temperature dependence of the vibrational sum-frequency generation (vSFG) spectra of the the air/water interface is investigated using many-body molecular dynamics (MB-MD) simulations performed with the MB-pol potential energy function. The total vSFG spectra calculated for different polarization combinations are then analyzed in terms of molecular auto-correlation and cross-correlation contributions. To provide molecular-level insights into interfacial hydrogen-bonding topologies, which give rise to specific spectroscopic features, the vSFG spectra are further investigated by separating contributions associated with water molecules donating 0, 1, or 2 hydrogen bonds to neighboring water molecules. This analysis suggests that the low frequency shoulder of the free OH peak which appears at ∼3600 cm−1 is primarily due to intermolecular couplings between both singly and doubly hydrogen-bonded molecules. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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