Insight into the Size Evolution Transformation Process of the fcc-Based Au28(SR)20 Nanocluster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayani Mukherjee ◽  
Deepthi Jayakumar ◽  
Sukhendu Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Transformation Process ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Biology and Management of Histologic Transformation of Indolent Lymphoma

Hematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold S. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Indolent Lymphoma ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Indolent Lymphomas ◽  
Long Term Survivors ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The evolution of indolent lymphomas to aggressive histologies, known as histologic transformation (HT), is a frequent occurrence for all subtypes of low grade B cell lymphoproliferative disorders. The risk of developing HT is approximately 3% per year for patients with indolent lymphoma. Clinically these present with a rapid change in the behavior of the disease, with evidence of a highly proliferative malignancy with a propensity to involve extranodal sites. The prognosis of patients following transformation is generally poor, with median survival of about 12 months. Recent studies suggest that the development of HT is very complex with the acquisition of multiple cytogenetic abnormalities in the low-grade lymphoma cells prior to HT. To date, there are no biologic or genetic parameters predictive of the development of HT. A myriad of genetic lesions have been identified in HT, and provide insight into its pathogenesis. These include genes regulating proliferation (C-MYC and C-MYC-regulated genes); control of the cell cycle (CDKN2a and CDKN2B); and programmed cell death (TP53, C-MYC, and BCL2). Gene expression profiling has been applied to the study of HT and has increased our understanding of the transformation process. There has been limited progress in the treatment of patients with HT. Conventional chemotherapy is generally of limited benefit, although a subset of patients are long-term survivors following high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. The use of radioimmunotherapy and new agents targeting specific lesions or aberrant pathways may impact on the management of these aggressive diseases.

scholarly journals Transformation process observations of polar firn to ice

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester C. Langway ◽  
Hitoshi Shoji ◽  
Atau Mitani ◽  
Henrik B. Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Permeability Variation ◽  
Qualitative Measure ◽  
Insight Into

The transformation of snow to ice under compressive stress is a very slow process unless meltwater is present. A qualitative measure of permeability variation with depth was continuously determined for various shallow-ice cores from the dry-snow zones in both Greenland and Antarctica to investigate this transformation process. Results of the study provide insight into snow densification mechanisms and generally characterize the pore close-off phenomena. Measurements show that bulk densities may be expressed as a function of overburden; pore close-off takes place when the overburden is approximately 3.0–4.5 bar.

scholarly journals Fragmentation vs. functionalization: chemical aging and organic aerosol formation

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 10553-10563 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Chacon-Madrid ◽  
N. M. Donahue
Keyword(s):  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Oh Radical ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Chemical Aging ◽  
Carbon Backbone ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. The transformation process that a carbon backbone undergoes in the atmosphere is complex and dynamic. Understanding all these changes for all the species in detail is impractical; however, choosing different molecules that resemble progressively higher stages of oxidation or aging and studying them can give us an insight into general characteristics and mechanisms. Here we determine secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass yields of two sequences of molecules reacting with the OH radical at high NOx. Each sequence consists of species with similar vapor pressures, but a succession of oxidation states. The first sequence consists of n-pentadecane, n-tridecanal, 2-, 7-tridecanone, and pinonaldehyde. The second sequence consists of n-nonadecane, n-heptadecanal and cis-pinonic acid. Oxidized molecules tend to have lower relative SOA mass yields; however, oxidation state alone was not enough to predict how efficiently a molecule forms SOA. Certain functionalities are able to fragment more easily than others, and even the position of these functionalities on a molecule can have an effect. n-Alkanes tend to have the highest yields, and n-aldehydes the lowest. n-Ketones have slightly higher yields when the ketone moiety is located on the side of the molecule and not in the center. In general, oxidation products remain efficient SOA sources, though fragmentation makes them less effective than comparable alkanes.

scholarly journals Post-Syrian War Residential Heritage Transformations in the Old City of Aleppo: Socio-Cultural Sustainability Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12213
Author(s):  
Christine Kousa ◽  
Uta Pottgiesser ◽  
Barbara Lubelli
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Cultural Sustainability ◽  
Old City ◽  
The Status ◽  
Gathering Data ◽  
Insight Into

The rehabilitation and sustainable transformation of residential heritage of the Old City of Aleppo (Syria) is one of the most pressing issues to regain the livability of this city. This research paper aims to gain insight into the residents’ conditions and needs by studying/mapping/analyzing the status of the residential heritage and the interventions on it during the aftermath of the city’s devastation. It also intends to provide a better understanding of the residents’ attitude towards living in the Old City, their expectation for its reconstruction and transformation, and the difficulties they encountered in the process. In fact, in order to start a collective reconstruction and transformation process, it is important to understand the readiness of the inhabitants and their financial capabilities to engage in this process. A combination of research methods was used to explore the above-mentioned issues and their relation to the socio-cultural sustainability. These methods included: gathering data in the field (specifically, Al-Jalloum, Al-Farafra and Al-Aqaba, three neighborhoods in the Old City of Aleppo, were used as case studies), and setting up a questionnaire (Winter 2020) and conducting interviews (Summer 2021) with 39 returnees and their families. AutoCAD and Excel programs were used for data visualization. This research has highlighted the main problems and factors that have affected the interventions on courtyard houses in the Old City of Aleppo since 2012—the outbreak of the Syrian War in Aleppo City. Lack of funds and craftmanship, high costs and long bureaucratic procedures related to the enforcement of the regulations have been identified as the main causes that discouraged the residents to carry out repairs in a proper way.

scholarly journals A roadmap to becoming a smart village: Experiences from living labs in rural Bavaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-109
Author(s):  
Lisa-Marie Hanninger ◽  
Jessica Laxa ◽  
Diane Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Living Labs ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
The Government ◽  
Complementary Actions ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

This paper illustrates the measures and digital integrations being made in the course of digitalization, using the example of existing rural pilot communities in Bavaria, Germany. The participating communities were selected as part of the government-funded project "Digitales Dorf" (Engl. digital village). Since 2016, digital solutions as well as complementary actions have been identified and implemented to make everyday life in the community equal to that in the city: the main intention is to push digitalization to create equivalent living conditions to urban areas. This paper is intended to provide an overview of the requirements and steps that need to be taken in digital transformation, in order to develop a generalized blueprint for other communities. Furthermore, it introduces the pilot projects, provides an insight into best practices to promote digitalization in traditional rural areas, and focuses on the transformation process rather than on digital solutions.

scholarly journals Proses Transformasi Visual ke Simbolik Mahasiswa dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Luas Daerah di Bawah Kurva

Jurnal Elemen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-437
Author(s):  
Octavina Rizky Utami Putri ◽  
◽  
Minatun Nadlifah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Polygon Area ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Insight Into

Mathematical representation is an idea interpretation form of solving mathematical problems. The process of mathematical representation is essential to pay attention to, especially in carrying out transformations between forms of representation, because it impacts the final solution obtained. This study describes the flow of students' thinking in carrying out the transformation process from visual to symbolic representation. This descriptive research was carried out with a qualitative approach. This research phase includes preparing representation tests and interview guidelines, giving tests to 48 students, conducting interviews with selected students based on the accuracy of the mathematical representations produced, and evaluation. The evaluation is carried out by reducing the results of the incorrect representation test, presenting visual and symbolic representation data and the transformation process, and concluding the transformation process. The result of the transformation process from visual to symbolic representation in solving the problem of the area under the curve is carried out with a flow of thought, namely translating the shape of the polygon area into a collection of rectangles, determining the width and length of the partition of the polygon area, and determining the area of the polygon area as a collection of rectangles. In determining the area as a collection of rectangles, there are two different processes, making a mathematical model in the form of sigma notation and addition. This study provides insight into the flow of thinking in changing between forms of mathematical representation in the hope that it can anticipate errors in solving the broad problem under the curve.

China in Turkish Academic Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Seriye Sezen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
China Studies ◽  
Insight Into

Although China oriented academic interest in Turkey began in 1930s with the aim of learning Turks’ past from Chinese sources, this interest was limited to a smaller community of scholars consisting of sinologists and historians up to the 1990s. The paper deals with the evaluation of Turkish academic literature on China and tries to reveal the topography of China oriented academic works with some insight into academic community. First, it briefly reviews the Sino-Turkish relations and recent developments of China studies in Turkey. Thereafter, findings of the survey based on the examination of master and PhD theses in the field of social sciences in Turkey are discussed. It shows a positive correlation between quantitative growth of theses and diversification of research areas and the post 1980 transformation process of China in one hand, and the growth of Turkey-China relations in the other. Moreover, the academic motives and aims have changed compared to those of the early period. The researchers are now more oriented to China’s present and future than its past and they tend to understand and explain China’s rising, its future and its influence on Turkey’s economy with a more pragmatic approach.

scholarly journals Streamflow disaggregation: a nonlinear deterministic approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sivakumar ◽  
W. W. Wallender ◽  
C. E. Puente ◽  
M. N. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Phase Space ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Local Approximation ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Deterministic Approach ◽  
Deterministic Process ◽  
Dimensional Phase Space ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. This study introduces a nonlinear deterministic approach for streamflow disaggregation. According to this approach, the streamflow transformation process from one scale to another is treated as a nonlinear deterministic process, rather than a stochastic process as generally assumed. The approach follows two important steps: (1) reconstruction of the scalar (streamflow) series in a multi-dimensional phase-space for representing the transformation dynamics; and (2) use of a local approximation (nearest neighbor) method for disaggregation. The approach is employed for streamflow disaggregation in the Mississippi River basin, USA. Data of successively doubled resolutions between daily and 16 days (i.e. daily, 2-day, 4-day, 8-day, and 16-day) are studied, and disaggregations are attempted only between successive resolutions (i.e. 2-day to daily, 4-day to 2-day, 8-day to 4-day, and 16-day to 8-day). Comparisons between the disaggregated values and the actual values reveal excellent agreements for all the cases studied, indicating the suitability of the approach for streamflow disaggregation. A further insight into the results reveals that the best results are, in general, achieved for low embedding dimensions (2 or 3) and small number of neighbors (less than 50), suggesting possible presence of nonlinear determinism in the underlying transformation process. A decrease in accuracy with increasing disaggregation scale is also observed, a possible implication of the existence of a scaling regime in streamflow.

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