Cation Hydration in Supercritical NaOH and HCl Aqueous Solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (50) ◽  
pp. 11383-11389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph J. Sahle ◽  
Johannes Niskanen ◽  
Christian Schmidt ◽  
Johannes Stefanski ◽  
Keith Gilmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Cation Hydration

Medium effects on tetraalkylammonium ions in aqueous acid solutions

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1439-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz A. Modro ◽  
William F. Reynolds ◽  
Keith Yates
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Medium Effects ◽  
Tetraalkylammonium Ions ◽  
Aqueous Acid ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Cation Hydration ◽  
Strong Acids

Medium effects upon 1H and 13C chemical shifts have been determined for some tetraalkylammonium ions in 0–10 M aqueous solutions of H2SO4, HClO4, and H3PO4. The observed effects are very weak in magnitude, thus justifying the choice of tetraalkylammonium ions as reference standards for studies of ionic species in aqueous solutions of strong acids. The trends in the observed low-field shifts are interpreted in terms of changes in cation hydration and in hydrogen bonding between alkyl hydrogens and acid anions.

Cation Hydration and Ion Pairing in Aqueous Solutions of MgCl2and CaCl2

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergej Friesen ◽  
Glenn Hefter ◽  
Richard Buchner
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ion Pairing ◽  
Cation Hydration

Ultrathin frozen sections of yeast without aldehyde prefixation

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
K. J. Böhm ◽  
a. E. Unger
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Good Preservation ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections

During the last years it was shown that also by means of cryo-ultra-microtomy a good preservation of substructural details of biological material was possible. However the specimen generally was prefixed in these cases with aldehydes.Preparing ultrathin frozen sections of chemically non-prefixed material commonly was linked up to considerable technical and manual expense and the results were not always satisfying. Furthermore, it seems to be impossible to carry out cytochemical investigations by means of treating sections of unfixed biological material with aqueous solutions.We therefore tried to overcome these difficulties by preparing yeast cells (S. cerevisiae) in the following manner:

Imaging polymers, proteins and dna in aqueous solutions with the atomic force microscope

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
S.A.C. Gould ◽  
B. Drake ◽  
C.B. Prater ◽  
A.L. Weisenhorn ◽  
S.M. Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Piezoelectric Crystal ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Structure Of Molecules ◽  
Optical Lever

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is an instrument that can be used to image many samples of interest in biology and medicine. Images of polymerized amino acids, polyalanine and polyphenylalanine demonstrate the potential of the AFM for revealing the structure of molecules. Images of the protein fibrinogen which agree with TEM images demonstrate that the AFM can provide topographical data on larger molecules. Finally, images of DNA suggest the AFM may soon provide an easier and faster technique for DNA sequencing.The AFM consists of a microfabricated SiO2 triangular shaped cantilever with a diamond tip affixed at the elbow to act as a probe. The sample is mounted on a electronically driven piezoelectric crystal. It is then placed in contact with the tip and scanned. The topography of the surface causes minute deflections in the 100 μm long cantilever which are detected using an optical lever.

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