Where Do the Ions Reside in a Highly Charged Droplet?

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (43) ◽  
pp. 9298-9310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Kwan ◽  
Anatoly Malevanets ◽  
Styliani Consta
Keyword(s):  
Charged Droplet

Where Do the Ions Reside in a Highly Charged Droplet?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Kwan ◽  
Anatoly Malevanets ◽  
Styliani Consta
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Analytical Theory ◽  
Charged Droplet ◽  
Linear Dimensions

Droplets in atmospheric and electrosprayed aerosols carry more often than less, a multitude of ions. We address the question of the location of a collection of ions in charged aqueous droplets with linear dimensions in the nanometer<br>range using atomistic molecular dynamics and analytical theory. All the details of the computations have been described in the manuscript.<br>

Where Do the Ions Reside in a Highly Charged Droplet?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Kwan ◽  
Anatoly Malevanets ◽  
Styliani Consta
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Analytical Theory ◽  
Charged Droplet ◽  
Linear Dimensions

Droplets in atmospheric and electrosprayed aerosols carry more often than less, a multitude of ions. We address the question of the location of a collection of ions in charged aqueous droplets with linear dimensions in the nanometer<br>range using atomistic molecular dynamics and analytical theory. All the details of the computations have been described in the manuscript.<br>

Isolated moving charged droplet evaporation characteristics in electrostatic field with highly volatile R134a

2021 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 121583
Author(s):  
Jiameng Tian ◽  
Tianyue Zhao ◽  
Zhifu Zhou ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
Junfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Field ◽  
Droplet Evaporation ◽  
Charged Droplet

On the Stability of a Highly Charged Droplet Suspended in the Superposition of Gravitational and Electrostatic Fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1122
Author(s):  
S. O. Shiryaeva ◽  
N. A. Petrushov ◽  
A. I. Grigor’ev
Keyword(s):  
Charged Droplet ◽  
Electrostatic Fields ◽  
The Stability

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun Pristine and Fluorescent Composite Poly (acrylic acid) Ultra-Fine Fibers

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 155892501200702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Atchison ◽  
Caroline L. Schauer
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Charged Droplet ◽  
Material System ◽  
Composite Fibers ◽  
Fine Fiber ◽  
Specific Material ◽  
Nanofabrication Technique ◽  
Fibrous Assemblies ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Poly Acrylic Acid

Electrospinning is a facile nanofabrication technique that produces fibrous assemblies of ultra-fine fibers, 20–1000 nm in diameter, from a charged droplet of spinning solution. Optimization of the fiber diameter of a specific material system is dependent on the solution and process variables. The electrospinning parameters for poly (acrylic acid) (PAA), a synthetic polyelectrolyte, were systematically investigated and consistent nanofiber diameters with uniform morphology were achieved. The optimization matrix included several solvent systems including ethanol, aqueous NaCl and aqueous NaOH. Optimized spinning parameters were then applied to electrospinning fluorescent fibrous assembles of quantum dot-PAA ultra-fine fiber composites. Ultrafine composite fibers were prepared by electrospinning aqueous solutions of 6wt% PAA loaded with 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20%v/v, carboxylic acid functionalized CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles (SNPs). The resulting composite fibers exhibited uniform fiber morphologies with increasing fiber diameters corresponding to increasing SNP loading. Fluorescence micrographs reveal luminescent fibers with evenly distributed fluorophores in the higher loaded samples. Moreover, laser excited fibers manifest SNP intermittency correlated with small clusters and single SNPs suggesting excellent dispersion in the PAA matrix.

Charged Molten Metal Droplet Deposition as a Direct Write Technology

2000 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Orme ◽  
J. Courter ◽  
Q. Liu ◽  
J. Zhu ◽  
R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Molten Metal ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Metal Droplet ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Charged Droplet ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Drop On Demand ◽  
Metal Droplets

ABSTRACTThe formation of highly uniform charged molten metal droplets from capillary stream breakup has recently attracted significant industrial and academic interest for applications requiring high-speed and high-precision deposition of molten metal droplets such as direct write technologies. Exploitation of the high droplet production rates intrinsic to the phenomenon of capillary stream break-up and the unparalleled uniformity of droplet sizes and speeds attained with proper applied forcing to the capillary stream make many new applications related to the manufacture of electronic packages, circuit board printing and rapid prototyping of structural components feasible. Recent research results have increased the stream stability with novel acoustic excitation methods and enable ultra-precise charged droplet deflection. Unlike other modes of droplet generation such as Drop-on-Demand, droplets can be generated at rates typically on the order of 10,000 to 20,000 droplets per second (depending on droplet diameter and stream speed) and can be electrostatically charged and deflected onto a substrate with a measured accuracy of ±12.5 µm. Droplets are charged on a drop-to-drop basis, enabling the direct writing of fine details at high speed. New results are presented in which fine detailed patterns are “printed” with individual molten metal solder balls, and issues relevant to the attainment of high quality printed artifacts are investigated.

scholarly journals Experimental quantification of contact freezing in an electrodynamic balance

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 2373-2382 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hoffmann ◽  
A. Kiselev ◽  
D. Rzesanke ◽  
D. Duft ◽  
T. Leisner
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Dipole Interaction ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Particle Collision ◽  
Charged Droplet ◽  
Particle Collisions ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Induced Dipole ◽  
Levitated Droplet

Abstract. Heterogeneous nucleation of ice in a supercooled water droplet induced by external contact with a dry aerosol particle has long been known to be more effective than freezing induced by the same nucleus immersed in the droplet. However, the experimental quantification of contact freezing is challenging. Here we report an experimental method to determine the temperature-dependent ice nucleation probability of size-selected aerosol particles. The method is based on the suspension of supercooled charged water droplets in a laminar flow of air containing aerosol particles as contact freezing nuclei. The rate of droplet–particle collisions is calculated numerically with account for Coulomb attraction, drag force and induced dipole interaction between charged droplet and aerosol particles. The calculation is verified by direct counting of aerosol particles collected by a levitated droplet. By repeating the experiment on individual droplets for a sufficient number of times, we are able to reproduce the statistical freezing behavior of a large ensemble of supercooled droplets and measure the average rate of freezing events. The freezing rate is equal to the product of the droplet–particle collision rate and the probability of freezing on a single contact, the latter being a function of temperature, size and composition of the contact ice nuclei. Based on these observations, we show that for the types of particles investigated so far, contact freezing is the dominating freezing mechanism on the timescale of our experiment.

Stability of an Electrically Charged Droplet

1962 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gedalia Ailam (Volinez) ◽  
Isaiah Gallily
Keyword(s):  
Charged Droplet ◽  
Electrically Charged
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