Thermodynamics of OHgX, XHgOH, XHgOCl, XHgOBr, and HOHgY Gaseous Oxidized Mercury Molecules from Isodesmic, Isogyric, and Atomization Work Reactions (X = Halogen, Y = OH, OCl, OBr)

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (20) ◽  
pp. 4452-4464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Guzman ◽  
Joseph Bozzelli
Keyword(s):  
Gaseous Oxidized Mercury

scholarly journals Development Of A Calibration Source For Measurement Of Gaseous Oxidized Mercury In Ambient Air

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Davis
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Stannous Chloride ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Calibration Source ◽  
Diffusion Source ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Relevant Level ◽  
Consistent Response ◽  
Gaseous Oxidized Mercury

A HgCl₂ containing diffusion source was evaluated for its potential usefulness as a calibration source for gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) measurements. Unlike previous calibration sources described in the literature, this source made use of a flow rate of at least 1 L min-¹, and was maintained at a temperature of as low as - 15oC. Under these conditions, the source was found to emit GOM at an environmentally relevant level of 0.0905 pg s-¹, with a GOM fraction of approximately 78%. The source was found to have a consistent response to temperature, a steady state emission level of Hg could be rapidly established and the source was temporally stable. Duplicate sources were compared with one another and found to emit similar levels of Hg under identical sampling conditions. Various methods of cleaning HgCl₂ contaminated items were tested, with the most successful method using a stannous chloride wash solution.

scholarly journals Mercury emissions of a coal-fired power plant in Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 13653-13668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Weigelt ◽  
Franz Slemr ◽  
Ralf Ebinghaus ◽  
Nicola Pirrone ◽  
Johannes Bieser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Measurement Uncertainties ◽  
Current Emission ◽  
Emission Ratios ◽  
Gaseous Oxidized Mercury

Abstract. Hg ∕ SO2, Hg ∕ CO, NOx ∕ SO2 (NOx being the sum of NO and NO2) emission ratios (ERs) in the plume of the coal-fired power plant (CFPP), Lippendorf, near Leipzig, Germany, were determined within the European Tropospheric Mercury Experiment (ETMEP) aircraft campaign in August 2013. The gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) fraction of mercury emissions was also assessed. Measured Hg ∕ SO2 and Hg ∕ CO ERs were within the measurement uncertainties consistent with the ratios calculated from annual emissions in 2013 reported by the CFPP operator, while the NOx ∕ SO2 ER was somewhat lower. The GOM fraction of total mercury emissions, estimated using three independent methods, was below ∼ 25 %. This result is consistent with other findings and suggests that GOM fractions of ∼ 40 % of CFPP mercury emissions in current emission inventories are overestimated.

A pilot study of different materials applied for active sampling of gaseous oxidized mercury in the atmospheric air

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Urba ◽  
D. Valiulis ◽  
J. Šarlauskas ◽  
K. Kvietkus ◽  
J. Šakalys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Active Sampling ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Gaseous Oxidized Mercury

scholarly journals Dynamics of gaseous oxidized mercury at Villum Research Station during the High Arctic summer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 13287-13309
Author(s):  
Jakob Boyd Pernov ◽  
Bjarne Jensen ◽  
Andreas Massling ◽  
Daniel Charles Thomas ◽  
Henrik Skov
Keyword(s):  
General Pattern ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Arctic Summer ◽  
Gaseous Oxidized Mercury

Abstract. While much research has been devoted to the subject of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) and gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) in the Arctic spring during atmospheric mercury depletion events, few studies have examined the behavior of GOM in the High Arctic summer. GOM, once deposited and incorporated into the ecosystem, can pose a threat to human and wildlife health, though there remain large uncertainties regarding the transformation, deposition, and assimilation of mercury into the food web. Therefore, to further our understanding of the dynamics of GOM in the High Arctic during the late summer, we performed measurements of GEM and GOM, along with meteorological parameters and atmospheric constituents, and utilized modeled air mass history during two summer campaigns in 2019 and 2020 at Villum Research Station (Villum) in northeastern Greenland. Seven events of enhanced GOM concentrations were identified and investigated in greater detail. In general, the common factors associated with event periods at ground level were higher levels of radiation and lower H2O mixing ratios, accumulated precipitation, and relative humidity (RH), although none were connected with cold temperatures. Non-event periods at ground level each displayed a different pattern in one or more parameters when compared to event periods. Generally, air masses during event periods for both campaigns were colder and drier, arrived from higher altitudes, and spent more time above the mixed layer and less time in a cloud compared to non-events, although some events deviated from this general pattern. Non-event air masses displayed a different pattern in one or more parameters when compared to event periods, although they were generally warmer and wetter and arrived from lower altitudes with little radiation. Coarse-mode aerosols were hypothesized to provide the heterogenous surface for halogen propagation during some of the events, while for others the source is unknown. While these general patterns were observed for event and non-event periods, analysis of individual events showed more specific origins. Five of the seven events were associated with air masses that experienced similar conditions: transported from the cold, dry, and sunlit free troposphere. However, two events experienced contrasting conditions, with air masses being warm and wet with surface layer contact under little radiation. Two episodes of extremely high levels of NCoarse and BC, which appear to originate from flaring emissions in Russia, did not contribute to enhanced GOM levels. This work aims to provide a better understanding of the dynamics of GOM during the High Arctic summer.

scholarly journals Release of mercury halides from KCl denuders in the presence of ozone

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 12563-12584 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Lyman ◽  
D. A. Jaffe ◽  
M. S. Gustin
Keyword(s):  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Field Calibration ◽  
Mercury Compounds ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Clear Identification ◽  
Mercury Halides ◽  
Gaseous Oxidized Mercury

Abstract. KCl-coated denuders have become a standard method for measurement of gaseous oxidized mercury, but their performance has not been exhaustively evaluated, especially in field conditions. In this study, KCl-coated and uncoated quartz denuders loaded with HgCl2 and HgBr2 lost 29–55% of these compounds, apparently as elemental mercury, when exposed to ozone (range of 6–100 ppb tested). This effect was also observed for denuders loaded with gaseous oxidized mercury at a field site in Nevada (3–37% of oxidized mercury lost). In addition, collection efficiency decreased by 12–30% for denuders exposed to 50 ppb ozone during collection of HgCl2. While data presented were obtained from laboratory tests and as such do not exactly simulate field sampling conditions, these results indicate that the KCl denuder GOM collection method may not be as robust as previously thought. This work highlights needs for further testing of this method, clear identification of gaseous oxidized mercury compounds in the atmosphere, and development of field calibration methods for these compounds.

Testing and Application of Surrogate Surfaces for Understanding Potential Gaseous Oxidized Mercury Dry Deposition

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (16) ◽  
pp. 6235-6241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth N. Lyman ◽  
Mae S. Gustin ◽  
Eric M. Prestbo ◽  
Philip I. Kilner ◽  
Eric Edgerton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Gaseous Oxidized Mercury ◽  
Surrogate Surfaces
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