scholarly journals Recombination, Solvation and Reaction of CN Radicals Following Ultraviolet Photolysis of ICN in Organic Solvents

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (52) ◽  
pp. 12911-12923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Coulter ◽  
Michael P. Grubb ◽  
Daisuke Koyama ◽  
Igor V. Sazanovich ◽  
Gregory M. Greetham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Ultraviolet Photolysis ◽  
Cn Radicals

Photochemical Evolution of Interstellar/Precometary Organic Material

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 23-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis J. Allamandola ◽  
Max P. Bernstein ◽  
Scott A. Sandford
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Infrared Observations ◽  
Interstellar Ice ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Ultraviolet Photolysis ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Simple Molecules ◽  
Complex Organic

AbstractInfrared observations, combined with realistic laboratory simulations, have revolutionized our understanding of interstellar ice and dust, the building blocks of comets. Since comets are thought to be a major source of the volatiles on the primative earth, their organic inventory is of central importance to questions concerning the origin of life. Ices in molecular clouds contain the very simple molecules H2O, CH3OH, CO, CO2, CH4, H2, and probably some NH3and H2CO, as well as more complex species including nitriles, ketones, and esters. The evidence for these, as well as carbonrich materials such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), microdiamonds, and amorphous carbon is briefly reviewed. This is followed by a detailed summary of interstellar/precometary ice photochemical evolution based on laboratory studies of realistic polar ice analogs. Ultraviolet photolysis of these ices produces H2, H2CO, CO2, CO, CH4, HCO, and the moderately complex organic molecules: CH3CH2OH (ethanol), HC(= O)NH2(formamide), CH3C(= O)NH2(acetamide), R-CN (nitriles), and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT, C6H12N4), as well as more complex species including polyoxymethylene and related species (POMs), amides, and ketones. The ready formation of these organic species from simple starting mixtures, the ice chemistry that ensues when these ices are mildly warmed, plus the observation that the more complex refractory photoproducts show lipid-like behavior and readily self organize into droplets upon exposure to liquid water suggest that comets may have played an important role in the origin of life.

UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DIE EXTRAKTION DES ROTEN KOBER-FARBSTOFFS DURCH ORGANISCHE LÖSUNGSMITTEL ZUR ÖSTROGENBESTIMMUNG IM HARN

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (I) ◽  
pp. 34-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Ittrich
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
Phenol Derivatives ◽  
Organische Lösungsmittel ◽  
Colour Complex

ABSTRACT A series of organic solvents and phenol derivatives have been examined for the extraction of the pink Kober-colour complex. Optimal results could be achieved for fluorimetry by a solution of 2 % (w/v) p-nitrophenol and 1 % (v/v) ethanol in acetylenetetrabromide, when the green mercury line (546 mμ was used as primary light. The sensitivity, stability and specificity have been improved, compared with the previously described reaction. By changing the sequence of purification steps and by reducing the volume of the urine sample (5 ml) the method for the determination of total oestrogens has been simplified. Approximately 10 determinations can be done within 3–4 hours by one person. Recovery experiments and comparative determinations with a previously described method have been carried out. The excretion of total oestrogens in a complete menstrual cycle is determined with the described method.

Imidazole Promoted Efficient Anomerization of β-D-Glucose Pentaacetate in Organic Solutions and Solid State

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meifeng Wang ◽  
Liyin Zhang ◽  
Yiqun Li ◽  
Liuqun Gu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Materials Design ◽  
The Future ◽  
Organic Solutions ◽  
Glucose Pentaacetate

<p></p>Anomerization of glycosides were rarely performed under basic condition due to lack of efficiency. Here an imidazole promoted anomerization of β-D-glucose pentaacetate was developed; and reaction could proceed in both organic solvents and solid state at room temperature. Although mechanism is not yet clear, this unprecedent mild anomerization in solid state may open a new promising way for stereoseletive anomerization of broad glucosides and materials design in the future..

Evaluation of exposure by organic and inorganic substances for identifying growing risk groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 685-686
Author(s):  
L. V. Lukovnikova ◽  
K. I. Stosman ◽  
E. E. Lesiovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Working in contact with nitroglycerine, TNT, RDX, oxygenatom, organic solvents, recorded elevated levels of cortisol in the blood. In contact with metals, their blood levels and cortisol levels did not differ from the average values of the professionally employed population.

Competitive adsorption of organic solvents using modified and unmodified calcium bentonite clay mineral

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Competitive Adsorption ◽  
Correlation Factor ◽  
Isotherm Model ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Calcium Bentonite

Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB)–modified and unmodified calcium bentonite were both used for the competitive adsorption of aromatics (xylene, ethylbenzene and toluene) and petroleum products (gasoline, dual purpose kerosene and diesel) from their aqueous solution. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and expansion tests (adsorption capacity and Foster swelling) measurement were performed in order to evaluate the performance of the adsorbents. The Foster swelling index and adsorption capacity of the DTAB modified calcium bentonite in the organic solvents follow the trend: xylene &gt; ethylbenzene &gt; toluene &gt; gasoline &gt; dual purpose kerosene (DPK) &gt; diesel &gt; water. However, the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent in diesel outweighed the adsorption capacity in DPK at high concentration of DTAB indicating that diesel has higher affinity for high DTAB concentration than DPK. The percentage removal of the solvent is directly proportional to the concentration of DTAB used in modifying the bentonite as well as the contact time between the adsorbent and the solvent, hence modified calcium bentonite adsorbed a higher percentage of organic solvents than the unmodified calcium bentonite. The adsorption characteristics of both adsorbents improved remarkably after proper agitation of the organic solvents, the unmodified calcium bentonite however adsorbed more water than the modified bentonite. Data obtained from adsorption isotherm models confirms that Freundlich adsorption isotherm model was favored more than Langmuir adsorption isotherm model with the correlation factor (R2) of the former tending more towards unity. The adsorption of ethylbenzene using DTAB modified and unmodified calcium bentonites follow a pseudo second order kinetics mechanism, suggesting that the rate determining step of adsorption involves both the adsorbent and the organic solvent.

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