Chondroitin Sulfate Disaccharides in the Gas Phase: Differentiation and Conformational Constraints

Rapid differentiation of chondroitin sulfate isomers by gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange

Current Molecular Medicine ◽

10.2174/1566524020666200915110707 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Kimberly Alonge ◽

Rick Harkewicz ◽

Miklos Guttman

Keyword(s):

Chondroitin Sulfate ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Deuterium Exchange ◽

Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange ◽

New Techniques ◽

Peripheral Tissues ◽

Disease States ◽

Hydrogen Deuterium

: Chondroitin sulfate (CS)-glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear, negatively charged polysaccharides attached to CS proteoglycans that make up a major component of biological matrices throughout both central and peripheral tissues. The position of their attached sulfate groups to the CS disaccharide is predicted to influence protein-glycan interactions and biological function. Although traditional immunohistochemical analysis of CS-GAGs in biological tissues have provided information regarding changes in GAG abundance during developmental and disease states, quantitative analysis of their specific sulfation patters is limited due to the inherent complexity of separating CS isomers. While methods have been developed to analyze and quantify sulfation isomers using liquid phase separation, new techniques are still needed to elucidate the full biology of CS-GAGs. Here we examine ion mobility spectrometry and gas-phase hydrogen deuterium exchange to resolve positional sulfation isomers in the most common sulfated 4S- and 6S-CS disaccharides. The mobilities for these two isomers are highly similar and could not be resolved effectively with any drift gas tested. In contrast, gas-phase hydrogen deuterium exchange showed very different rates of deuterium uptake with several deuterium exchange reagents, presenting a promising novel and rapid approach for resolving CS isomers.

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Isomer separation and effect of the degree of polymerization on the gas-phase structure of chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides analyzed by ion mobility and tandem mass spectrometry

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry ◽

10.1002/rcm.7987 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (23) ◽

pp. 2003-2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Salomé Poyer ◽

Chrystel Lopin-Bon ◽

Jean-Claude Jacquinet ◽

Jean-Yves Salpin ◽

Régis Daniel

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chondroitin Sulfate ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Ion Mobility ◽

Phase Structure ◽

Degree Of Polymerization ◽

Tandem Mass ◽

Isomer Separation ◽

Gas Phase Structure

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Residual Gas Reactions in the Electron Microscope: I. Qualitative Observations on the Water Gas Reaction

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100101207 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 292-293

Author(s):

Richard E. Hartman ◽

Roberta S. Hartman ◽

Peter L. Ramos

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Absolute Temperature ◽

Residual Gas ◽

Gas Reactions ◽

Image Position ◽

The Right ◽

Water Gas ◽

Thinning Rate

The action of water and the electron beam on organic specimens in the electron microscope results in the removal of oxidizable material (primarily hydrogen and carbon) by reactions similar to the water gas reaction .which has the form:The energy required to force the reaction to the right is supplied by the interaction of the electron beam with the specimen.The mass of water striking the specimen is given by:where u = gH2O/cm2 sec, PH2O = partial pressure of water in Torr, & T = absolute temperature of the gas phase. If it is assumed that mass is removed from the specimen by a reaction approximated by (1) and that the specimen is uniformly thinned by the reaction, then the thinning rate in A/ min iswhere x = thickness of the specimen in A, t = time in minutes, & E = efficiency (the fraction of the water striking the specimen which reacts with it).

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Integration of Core-Edge Spectroscopy Methods for the Study of Polymers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010016323x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 154-155

Author(s):

E. G. Rightor

Keyword(s):

Excited State ◽

Polymer Blends ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

High Spatial Resolution ◽

Electronic States ◽

Core Electron ◽

Bulk Solids ◽

Development Application

Core edge spectroscopy methods are versatile tools for investigating a wide variety of materials. They can be used to probe the electronic states of materials in bulk solids, on surfaces, or in the gas phase. This family of methods involves promoting an inner shell (core) electron to an excited state and recording either the primary excitation or secondary decay of the excited state. The techniques are complimentary and have different strengths and limitations for studying challenging aspects of materials. The need to identify components in polymers or polymer blends at high spatial resolution has driven development, application, and integration of results from several of these methods.

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