Atom Classification Model for Total Energy Evaluation of Two-Dimensional Multicomponent Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (22) ◽  
pp. 4506-4511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Chun He ◽  
Shao-Bin Qiu ◽  
Ju-Song Yu ◽  
Ji-Hai Liao ◽  
Yu-Jun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Multicomponent Materials

scholarly journals The adsorption of vapours on mercury. I. Non-polar substances

1946 ◽  
Vol 187 (1008) ◽  
pp. 53-73 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Langmuir Equation ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Surface Phase ◽  
Standard State ◽  
Spreading Pressure ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Entropy Of Adsorption

Reversible results for the adsorption of benzene, toluene and n -heptane vapours on mercury have been obtained. The films were found to be gaseous and obeyed the Volmer eqution F ( A - b ) = kT , where F = spreading pressure, A =area per molecule and b = co-area. The possibility that the films might be immobile was considered and the Langmuir equation was applied but found unsatisfactory. A standard state for the surface phase was defined and the free energy, total energy and entropy of adsorption evaluated. The heat of adsorption was shown to increase with the amount on the surface. A number of phase changes were found to occur after the completion of monolayer adsorp­tion, the most striking being interpreted as the change over from ‘flat’ to ‘vertical’ adsorp­tion of the toluene molecules. Others were thought to be either two-dimensional condensation or adsorption of a second layer.

THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF AN ELECTRON GAS SYSTEM TRAPPED WITHIN VARIOUS SHAPES OF POTENTIALS

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 1250152 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERNA GÜLVEREN
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Coulomb Potential ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Electron Gas ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Confining Potential ◽  
Gas System

The Thomas–Fermi (TF) equation is solved numerically for an electron gas system that interacts via the Coulomb potential. An emphasis is placed on how certain physical properties, such as the chemical potential and the total energy, change with the shape of the confinement at finite temperatures. By comparing these results with the results calculated for the noninteracting case, we are able to analyze how the inter-particle forces affect the thermodynamic properties of electrons. It is shown that the total energy and other properties of an electron gas is very sensitive to the particle interactions and the shape of the confining potential, even at high temperatures. The results are also applicable to nanostructures like two-dimensional quantum dot systems, wires.

Multimodal Human Aerobotic Interaction

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-165
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Opeyemi Abioye ◽  
Stephen D Prior ◽  
Glyn T Thomas ◽  
Peter Saddington ◽  
Sarvapali D Ramchurn
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Pyramidal Structure ◽  
Aerial Robots ◽  
Navigation Control ◽  
Lower Limits

This chapter discusses HCI interfaces used in controlling aerial robotic systems (otherwise known as aerobots). The autonomy control level of aerobot is also discussed. However, due to the limitations of existing models, a novel classification model of autonomy, specifically designed for multirotor aerial robots, called the navigation control autonomy (nCA) model is also developed. Unlike the existing models such as the AFRL and ONR, this model is presented in tiers and has a two-dimensional pyramidal structure. This model is able to identify the control void existing beyond tier-one autonomy components modes and to map the upper and lower limits of control interfaces. Two solutions are suggested for dealing with the existing control void and the limitations of the RC joystick controller –the multimodal HHI-like interface and the unimodal BCI interface. In addition to these, some human factors based performance measurement is recommended, and the plans for further works presented.

THERMAL PROPERTIES OF INTERACTING ELECTRON GAS IN A HARMONIC POTENTIAL

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 1250029 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERNA GÜLVEREN
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Electron Gas ◽  
Harmonic Potential ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Thomas Fermi ◽  
Gas System

In this work, the thermal properties, such as total energy, pressure and free energy of an interacting electron gas system have been investigated. The Thomas–Fermi equation was numerically solved for a harmonically confined, two-dimensional gas system at finite temperatures. Numerical results were compared with analytical ones provided by the literature for a non-interacting case at finite temperatures and for a interacting case at T = 0 K . Excellent agreement was achieved for both cases. The results indicate that interactions affect the density of particles and hence, the density-dependent thermal functions significantly.

Two-dimensional isotropic inertia–gravity wave turbulence

2019 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 752-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Han Xie ◽  
Oliver Bühler
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Isotropic Turbulence ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Boussinesq Equations ◽  
Structure Functions ◽  
Wave Turbulence ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Third Order

We present an idealized study of rotating stratified wave turbulence in a two-dimensional vertical slice model of the Boussinesq equations, focusing on the peculiar case of equal Coriolis and buoyancy frequencies. In this case the fully nonlinear fluid dynamics can be shown to be isotropic in the vertical plane, which allows the classical methods of isotropic turbulence to be applied. Contrary to ordinary two-dimensional turbulence, here a robust downscale flux of total energy is observed in numerical simulations that span the full parameter regime between Ozmidov and forcing scales. Notably, this robust downscale flux of the total energy does not hold separately for its various kinetic and potential components, which can exhibit both upscale and downscale fluxes, depending on the parameter regime. Using a suitable extension of the classical Kármán–Howarth–Monin equation, exact expressions that link third-order structure functions and the spectral energy flux are derived and tested against numerical results. These expressions make obvious that even though the total energy is robustly transferred downscale, the third-order structure functions are sign indefinite, which illustrates that the sign and the form of measured third-order structure functions are both crucially important in determining the direction of the spectral energy transfer.

Internal wave generation by tidal flow over a two-dimensional ridge: energy flux asymmetries induced by a steady surface trapped current

2017 ◽  
Vol 836 ◽  
pp. 192-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin G. Lamb ◽  
M. Dunphy
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Wave Field ◽  
Energy Flux ◽  
Tidal Flow ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Total Energy Flux ◽  
Effects Of Rotation ◽  
Internal Wave Generation

The effects of a surface trapped steady background current on internal waves generated by tidal currents oscillating over a small symmetric ridge are investigated using a two-dimensional primitive equation model. A rigid lid is used with a linearly stratified fluid and the effects of rotation are not considered. We consider uni-directional background currents $\bar{U}(z)\geqslant 0$ confined to a surface layer lying well above the ridge. The current introduces asymmetries in the generated wave field. For sufficiently narrow ridges the upstream energy flux is larger than the downstream flux while the opposite is the case for sufficiently wide ridges. The total energy flux radiating away from the ridge is not significantly affected by the current. Mean second-order currents and pressure fields are shown to make important contributions to the total energy flux. A first-order linear theory, valid for a general stratification and surface current, which accurately predicts the wave field is also developed.

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