scholarly journals Experimental and Modeling Study of the Phase Behavior of (Heptane + Carbon Dioxide + Water) Mixtures

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3670-3681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif. Z. S. Al Ghafri ◽  
Esther Forte ◽  
Amparo Galindo ◽  
Geoffrey C. Maitland ◽  
J. P. Martin Trusler
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Modeling Study

An Experimental and Modeling Study of Carbon Dioxide/Bitumen and C4/Bitumen Phase Behavior at Elevated Temperatures Using Cold Lake Bitumen

SPE Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 1991-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Eghbali ◽  
Hassan Dehghanpour
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Gaseous Phase ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Similar Temperature ◽  
Bitumen Recovery ◽  
Equilibrium Calculations ◽  
Modeling Study

Summary The coinjection of carbon dioxide (CO2) or light hydrocarbons with steam in the steam-assisted-gravity-drainage (SAGD) process might enhance bitumen mobility and reduce the steam/oil ratio (SOR). Understanding and modeling the phase behavior of solvent/bitumen systems are essential for the development of in-situ processes for bitumen recovery. In this paper, an experimental and modeling study is undertaken to characterize the phase behavior of bitumen/CO2 and bitumen/C4 systems. Produced and dewatered oil from the Cenovus Osprey Pilot is used for the experiments. The Osprey Pilot produces oil from the Clearwater Formation. Constant-composition-expansion (CCE) experiments are conducted for characterizing Clearwater bitumen, CO2/bitumen mixture, and C4/bitumen mixture. The Peng and Robinson (1978) equation of state (EOS) (PR-EOS) is calibrated using the measured data and is used for pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) modeling. Multiphase equilibrium calculations are performed to predict the solubility of CO2 and C4 in the temperature range of 393.2 to 453.2 K. The potential of asphaltene precipitation for CO2/bitumen and C4/bitumen mixtures is also investigated using three screening criteria. According to the CCE tests and multiphase equilibrium calculations, C4 has much higher solubility in bitumen than does CO2 at operating pressure of 3997.9 kPa and temperature between 393.2 and 453.2 K (393.2 K < T < 453.2 K). During the CCE tests, coexistence of three equilibrium phases is observed for the C4/bitumen system with high C4 concentration. The three phases consist of a heavy oleic phase (L1), gaseous phase (V), and a light (solvent-rich) oleic phase (L2). Compositional analysis of the samples from L1 and L2 phases shows that C4 can extract light hydrocarbon components from bitumen into the L2 phase and preserve the heavy components in the L1 phase. Also, the L2 phase becomes darker by increasing the pressure, suggesting the extraction of heavier hydrocarbon components at higher pressures. Similar tests on the CO2/bitumen system show only two effective phases over a similar temperature range. The two phases consist of a heavy oleic phase (L1) and a gaseous phase (V). Phase-equilibrium regions are predicted using the regressed EOS model in the compositional space for the solvent/bitumen system. EOS predictions indicate two types of two-phase regions in the composition space for the C4/bitumen system (i.e., L1/L2 when 393.2 K < T < 421.2 K and L1/V when 421.2 K < T < 453.2 K). However, only one type of two-phase region (i.e., L1/V) exists in a similar temperature range for a CO2/bitumen system. The EOS predictions show that 1.8 wt% CO2 can reduce bitumen viscosity by up to 1.4 times, and 16.3 wt% C4 can reduce bitumen viscosity by up to 20 times when 393.2 K < T < 453.2 K. Viscosity calculations indicate that oil dilution by CO2 and C4 dissolution is more effective at lower temperatures, especially for C4. This shows the potential of injecting hot hydrocarbon solvents for bitumen recovery. The results show that asphaltene might precipitate in a system of C4/bitumen with high C4 concentration.

Phase Behavior of Hydrogenation of 2-tert-Butylphenol over a Charcoal-Supported Rhodium Catalyst in Carbon Dioxide Solvent†

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1610-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihito Hiyoshi ◽  
Yoshio Masuda ◽  
Osamu Sato ◽  
Aritomo Yamaguchi ◽  
Chandrashekhar V. Rode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Rhodium Catalyst ◽  
Supported Rhodium Catalyst

Effect of Common Impurities on the Phase Behavior of Carbon-Dioxide-Rich Systems: Minimizing the Risk of Hydrate Formation and Two-Phase Flow

SPE Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 921-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonin Chapoy ◽  
Rod Burgass ◽  
Bahman Tohidi ◽  
J. Michael Austell ◽  
Charles Eickhoff
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase

Summary Carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by carbon-capture processes is generally not pure and can contain impurities such as N2, H2, CO, H2 S, and water. The presence of these impurities could lead to challenging flow-assurance issues. The presence of water may result in ice or gas-hydrate formation and cause blockage. Reducing the water content is commonly required to reduce the potential for corrosion, but, for an offshore pipeline system, it is also used as a means of preventing gas-hydrate problems; however, there is little information on the dehydration requirements. Furthermore, the gaseous CO2-rich stream is generally compressed to be transported as liquid or dense-phase in order to avoid two-phase flow and increase in the density of the system. The presence of impurities will also change the system's bubblepoint pressure, hence affecting the compression requirement. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of hydrate formation in a CO2-rich stream and to study the phase behavior of CO2 in the presence of common impurities. An experimental methodology was developed for measuring water content in a CO2-rich phase in equilibrium with hydrates. The water content in equilibrium with hydrates at simulated pipeline conditions (e.g., 4°C and up to 190 bar) as well as after simulated choke conditions (e.g., at -2°C and approximately 50 bar) was measured for pure CO2 and a mixture of 2 mol% H2 and 98 mol% CO2. Bubblepoint measurements were also taken for this binary mixture for temperatures ranging from -20 to 25°C. A thermodynamic approach was employed to model the phase equilibria. The experimental data available in the literature on gas solubility in water in binary systems were used in tuning the binary interaction parameters (BIPs). The thermodynamic model was used to predict the phase behavior and the hydrate-dissociation conditions of various CO2-rich streams in the presence of free water and various levels of dehydration (250 and 500 ppm). The results are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The developed experimental methodology and thermodynamic model could provide the necessary data in determining the required dehydration level for CO2-rich systems, as well as minimum pipeline pressure required to avoid two-phase flow, hydrates, and water condensation.

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