Extraction Equilibrium of Hydrochloric Acid at Low Concentrations between Water and N235 in Isoamyl Alcohol Solution: Experiments and Simulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 3000-3008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunzhao Li ◽  
Xingfu Song ◽  
Shuying Sun ◽  
Yanxia Xu ◽  
Jianguo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Solution ◽  
Extraction Equilibrium ◽  
Low Concentrations

scholarly journals Extraction equilibrium of hydrochloric acid with tri-n-octylamine.

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinobu Kawano ◽  
Takanao Matsui ◽  
Kazuo Kondo ◽  
Fumiyuki Nakashio
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Extraction Equilibrium

Simultaneous gas-chromatographic analysis for diazepam and its major metabolite, desmethyldiazepam, with use of double internal standardization.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1838-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Greenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Small Volume ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Major Metabolite ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
Organic Extract ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Internal Standardization ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography was used for simultaneous quantitation of plasma diazepam (I) and its major metabolite, desmethyldiazepam(II). Because concentrations of I can greatly exceed those of II after single doses of I, two benzodiazepine-analog internal standards were added to all samples, thereby allowing reliable quantitation of high concentrations of I and low concentrations of II. After extraction at neutral pH with benzene (containing isoamyl alcohol), the organic extract is evaporated and the residue is reconstituted in a small volume of solvent and chromatographed on a 3% OV-17 column. The sensitivity limits are 2 to 3 ng of I or II per milliliter of original sample, with a CV for identical samples of less than 5%. The applicability of the method to single-dose pharmacokinetic studies of I in humans is illustrated.

scholarly journals Extraction Equilibrium of Hydrochloric Acid by LongChaia Alkylamine Solution

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsutoshi Inoue ◽  
Yoshinobu Kawano ◽  
Fumiyuki Nakashio ◽  
Wataru Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Extraction Equilibrium

scholarly journals Spectral study of thione-thiol tautomerization of thiourea in aqueous alcohol solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
L.E. Kalichkina ◽  
◽  
A.A. Bakibaev ◽  
V.S. Malkov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Alcohol Solution ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol Solution ◽  
Alcohol Medium ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol Solutions ◽  
Thiol Form

In this work we studied the equilibrium of thione–thiol tautomerization by Raman and UV spectroscopies. This type of tautomerization influences on the course and direction of the reaction between thiourea and other organic compounds. The studies were carried out in water and aqueous alcohol medium. Мethanol, ethanol, propanol-1 and propanol-2 were used as alcohols. Hydrochloric acid was used to protonate thiourea in water and aqueous alcoholic solutions. UV spectroscopy made it possible to establish the tautomer ratio in water and aqueous alcohol solutions as the ratio of the intensities of absorption bands at 236 and 200 nm. There is an increase in the content of the thiol form and a decrease of the thione form observed in the row water-methanol-ethanol-propanol-isopropyl alcohol. The addition of hydrochloric acid to the thiourea water or aqueous alcohol solutions leads to the increase of the thione form and to the decrease of the thiol form in the composition. The thione form of thiourea can be determine by Raman spectra of –C=S group. The thiol form of thiourea is difficult to detect by Raman spectroscopy due to the overlap of the –S–H bond absorption band with alcohols absorption bands.

Determination of low concentrations of dibenzyl sulfoxide in aqueous solutions

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1908-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Vláčil ◽  
Huynh Dang Khanh
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Medium ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Limit Of Determination ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Basic Anion

A spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of low concentrations of sulfoxide in water, relying on the formation of a leuco-compound from the reaction of L-tryptophan with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and its oxidation by sulfoxide in hydrochloric acid medium. The optimum conditions for the determination were found by using the simplex method. The calibration curve, measured at 620 nm, is linear up to the sulfoxide concentration 7.5 . 10-5 mol l-1 (i.e. 17.3 ppm), the limit of determination is 0.1 ppm, the reproducibility, expressed as the relative standard deviation (for n = 6) is 3-4%. Oxidants interfere with the determination. Nitrates can be removed by means of a strongly basic anion exchanger in the chloride form. Mixture water-acetone (6 + 1) passing with a low flow rate should be applied to the elution of the partly sorbed sulfoxide.

Synergetic extraction of platinum(IV) from dilute hydrochloric acid by isoamyl alcohol ? Methylisobutylketone mixture

1986 ◽  
Vol 88 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Aneva ◽  
S. Arpadjan ◽  
S. Alexandrov ◽  
K. Kovatcheva
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Dilute Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol

STUDIES ON LIGNIN AND RELATED COMPOUNDS.: PART VII. A KINETIC STUDY OF THE ACTION OF HYPOCHLOROUS ACID ON SPRUCE LIGNIN AND ITS BEARING ON THE CONSTITUTION OF THE SPRUCE LIGNIN MOLECULE

1931 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-253
Author(s):  
Harold Hibbert ◽  
K. Austin Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Rapid Absorption ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Rapid Reaction ◽  
Related Compounds

The action of hypochlorous acid on glycol-lignin in finely divided aqueous suspension, and in alkaline solution, is autocatalytic, the autocatalysis being due to formation of hydrochloric acid, which catalyzes the reaction strongly. Nitric acid apparently acts only by increasing the concentration of undissociated hydrochloric acid. The effect of the hydrochloric acid may be a direct catalytic effect of undissociated hydrochloric acid, or may be due to formation of chlorine.A comparison of the amounts of hypochlorous acid absorbed, and hydrochloric acid formed, by methylated and unmethylated lignin indicates that if ketomethylene groups are present in lignin they do not enolize sufficiently to play any appreciable part in the rapid reaction between hypochlorous acid and lignin.The rapid absorption of hypochlorous acid by lignin, dissolved in alkali, indicates that there is probably about 15% of a phenol nucleus in lignin. This value is supported by the rapid absorption of bromine from bromine water at very low concentrations, by lignin dissolved in alkali, and is based on the assumption of only one atom of halogen entering the phenol nucleus, which is true in the case of vanillin. If two or three halogen atoms enter the nucleus, this value of 15% has to be divided by two or three. It represents, in any case, a maximum value.The phenol nucleus accounts for only one third, or less, of the total rapid hypochlorous acid absorption. The remainder is probably due to addition of hypochlorous acid to an ethylene linkage, chlorination of a phenol ether, or a combination of both reactions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document