Thermodynamic Properties of Energetic Plasticizers: Experimental Vapor Pressures of Methyl-, Ethyl-, and Butyl-Nitroxyethyl Nitramines

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1709-1716
Author(s):  
Greta Bikelytė ◽  
Martin A. C. Härtel ◽  
Marcel Holler ◽  
Andreas Neuer ◽  
Thomas M. Klapötke
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Methyl Ethyl ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Energetic Plasticizers

Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Helium Three. Vapor Pressures below 1°K

1957 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Sydoriak ◽  
Thomas R. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Liquid Helium ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Helium Three

Thermodynamic Properties of Dilute Solutions of Hydrogen in Glassy PD.80SI.20

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Finocchiaro ◽  
C.L. Tsai ◽  
B.C. Giessen
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Positive Deviation ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Statistical Mechanical ◽  
Partial Molar Enthalpies

ABSTRACTEquilibrium vapor pressures of dilute solutions of hydrogen in glassy Pd.80Si.20 have been measured from 10–90°C and at hydrogen pressures P of 1–100 torr. Under these conditions the ratio of hydrogen to alloy, x as determined by a volumetric method, reaches a maximum value of 0.0070. Over this range of x, the system exhibits a positive deviation from Sieverts' Law; isotherms were analyzed in terms of Lacher's modified statistical mechanical theory of hydrogen in palladium. The data were used to calculate relative partial molar enthalpies, excess entropies, and excess free energies for the formation of the solid solutions. The thermodynamic properties were found to vary with hydrogen content over the composition range studied.

Deuterium and hydrogen sulfides: vapor pressures, molar volumes, and thermodynamic properties

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 764-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. W. Clarke ◽  
D. N. Glew
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Sulfide Liquid ◽  
Standard Thermodynamic Function ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Enthalpy Changes ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

An apparatus is described in which deuterium and hydrogen sulfides have been prepared by the hydrolysis of aluminum sulfide. Liquid densities have been determined at −79 °C and give the molar volumes 34.811 ± 0.003 cm3 for deuterium sulfide and 34.711 ± 0.003 for hydrogen sulfide. Vapor pressures of deuterium and hydrogen sulfides have been determined at −78 °C in a quartz–metal apparatus, and in the range −30 to +30 °C in a stainless steel apparatus. Equations are derived for the deuterium and hydrogen sulfide vapor pressures and for their ratio. An isotopic vapor pressure cross-over point is found at −48 °C, above which deuterium sulfide is more volatile than hydrogen sulfide. Gas and liquid molar volumes and enthalpy changes are evaluated for liquid vaporization at saturation. The deuterium and hydrogen sulfide vaporization standard thermodynamic function changes and their errors, together with the isotopic differences for these functions and their errors, are tabulated between −80 and +50°C.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic properties of isoprene and monoterpene derived organosulfates estimated with COSMO<i>therm</i>

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noora Hyttinen ◽  
Jonas Elm ◽  
Jussi Malila ◽  
Silvia M. Calderón ◽  
Nønne L. Prisle
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Aqueous Mixtures ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Degree Of Dissociation ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Saturation Vapor ◽  
Atmospherically Relevant

Abstract. Organosulfates make significant contributions to atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA), but little is still known about the thermodynamic properties of atmospherically relevant organosulfates. We have used the COSMOtherm program to calculate both gas- and condensed-phase properties of previously identified atmospherically relevant monoterpene and isoprene derived organosulfates. Properties include solubilities, activities and saturation vapor pressures, which are critical to the aerosol phase stability and atmospheric impact of organosulfate SOA. Based on the estimated saturation vapor pressures, the organosulfates of this study can all be categorized as semi- or low-volatile, with saturation vapor pressures 4 to 8 orders of magnitude lower than that of sulfuric acid. The estimated pKa values of all the organosulfates indicate a high degree of dissociation in water, leading in turn to high dissociation corrected solubilities. In aqueous mixtures with inorganic sulfate, COSMOtherm predicts a salting out of both the organosulfates and their sodium salts from inorganic co-solutes. The salting-out effect of ammonium sulfate (less acidic) is stronger than of ammonium bisulfate (more acidic). Finally, COSMOtherm predicts liquid-liquid phase separation in systems containing water and monoterpene derived organosulfates. The COSMOtherm estimated properties support the observed stability of organosulfates as SOA constituents and their long range transport in the atmosphere, but also show significant variation between specific compounds and ambient conditions.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic properties of isoprene- and monoterpene-derived organosulfates estimated with COSMO<i>therm</i>

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 5679-5696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noora Hyttinen ◽  
Jonas Elm ◽  
Jussi Malila ◽  
Silvia M. Calderón ◽  
Nønne L. Prisle
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Aqueous Mixtures ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Degree Of Dissociation ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Saturation Vapor ◽  
Atmospherically Relevant

Abstract. Organosulfates make significant contributions to atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA), but little is known about the thermodynamic properties of atmospherically relevant organosulfates. We have used the COSMOtherm program to calculate both the gas- and condensed-phase properties of previously identified atmospherically relevant monoterpene- and isoprene-derived organosulfates. Properties include solubilities, activities and saturation vapor pressures, which are critical to the aerosol-phase stability and atmospheric impact of organosulfate SOA. Based on the estimated saturation vapor pressures, the organosulfates of this study can all be categorized as semi-volatile or low-volatile, with saturation vapor pressures 4 to 8 orders of magnitude lower than that of sulfuric acid. The estimated pKa values of all the organosulfates indicate a high degree of dissociation in water, leading in turn to high dissociation-corrected solubilities. In aqueous mixtures with inorganic sulfate, COSMOtherm predicts a salting-out of both the organosulfates and their sodium salts from inorganic co-solutes. The salting-out effect of ammonium sulfate (less acidic) is stronger than of ammonium bisulfate (more acidic). Finally, COSMOtherm predicts liquid–liquid-phase separation in systems containing water and monoterpene-derived organosulfates. The COSMOtherm-estimated properties support the observed stability of organosulfates as SOA constituents and their long-range transport in the atmosphere but also show significant variation between specific compounds and ambient conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document