New Understandings of the Relationship and Initial Formation Mechanism for Pseudo-lignin, Humins, and Acid-Induced Hydrothermal Carbon

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (45) ◽  
pp. 11981-11989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banggui Cheng ◽  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Qixuan Lin ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Ling Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Initial Formation ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The President’s Influence on the Formation of Lithuanian Foreign Policy: A Shift of the Power Center During Grybauskaitė’s Term

Politologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-55
Author(s):  
Tomas Janeliūnas
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Power Center ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

This article raises the question of what role does the presidential institution hold in the Lithuanian foreign policy formation mechanism and how a particular actor (president) can change their powers in foreign policy without going beyond the functions formally defined in the Constitution. The period of President Grybauskaitė’s term and her efforts as an actor to define her role in shaping Lithuanian foreign policy are analyzed. This is assessed in the context of the activities and behavior of former Lithuanian presidents and in the context of relations with other institutions involved in foreign policy making – the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and the Seimas in particular. This article analyzes the relationship between the actor (Grybauskaitė) and the already established structure of domestic foreign policy formation and the ability of the actor to change this structure. The analysis suggests that it is precisely because of the choices made by Grybauskaite during 2009–2019 that a relationship between the structures of foreign policy making in Lithuania has changed considerably, and that the center of power of foreign policy formation has shifted to the presidency.

The Study on the Relationship between Hypercompetition and Organizational Innovation: The Role of Organizational Learning

2011 ◽  
Vol 467-469 ◽  
pp. 1236-1240
Author(s):  
Hang Biao Shang ◽  
Guo Shuang Tian ◽  
Cai Ping Song ◽  
Yu Kun Cao ◽  
Li Rong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
External Environment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Macroeconomic Environment ◽  
Main Factor

This paper studies on the formation mechanism of how organizational innovation is established and developed. We built a model including envirnomental change, organizational learning and organizational innovation. Using the empirical study as a sample of 194 enterprises the results of this paper show that (1) the external environment factors have no direct effent on organizational innovation. The main factor of organizational innovation driven is organizational learning. (2) the industry of environmental change on the organizational learning have a significant impact to organizational learning and changes in the macroeconomic environment had no significant effect to organizational learning.

Characteristic Analysis of Metal Trough Faces Cut by Pre-Mixed Abrasive Waterjet

2011 ◽  
Vol 63-64 ◽  
pp. 740-744
Author(s):  
Bai Sheng Nie ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Jun Qing Meng ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Ru Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Cutting Mechanism ◽  
Cutting Efficiency ◽  
Cutting Depth ◽  
Topographic Characteristics ◽  
Awj Cutting ◽  
The Relationship

In order to improve the cutting efficiency of abrasive waterjet (AWJ), the relationship between pre-mixed AWJ cutting depth and pressure was experimentally studied. Then, through analysis of the cutting results, the topographic characteristics and formation mechanism of the cut trough faces were investigated. Moreover, through comparing the effects of different jet pressures on the topographic characteristics of AWJ cut trough faces and the SEM analysis of the cut trough faces at different pressures and depths, the effects of pre-mixed AWJ cutting mechanism on the characteristics of cut trough faces were investigated, and the characteristics of the trough faces of metals cut by pre-mixed AWJ were analyzed.

Characteristic Analysis of Texture and Structure of Ores and Genesis of Luziyuan Pb-Zn Polimetallic Deposit in Zhenkang, Yunnan, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 311-315
Author(s):  
Bing Xia Lin ◽  
Ming Guo Deng ◽  
Xu Wen Liang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Gangue Mineral ◽  
Emulsion Droplet ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Initial Formation ◽  
Banded Structure ◽  
Massive Structure ◽  
Hydrothermal Transformation ◽  
The Relationship

The main ore structure of the deposit include: disseminated structure, emulsion droplet-like structure, banded structure, vein-like structure, the massive structure, brecciated structure, etc.; The main ore texture include: crystalline granular texture, the replacement texture, solid solution separation texture, interstitial texture, etc. According to the ore fabric characteristics and metal minerals and gangue mineral combination, type and shape since the degree and mineral in space analysis of characteristics of the relationship, the mining area can be roughly divided into three periods: sedimentary diagenesis stage, the initial formation of the sources, hydrothermal reformation metallogenic stage and supergene stage. It was considered that Luziyuan Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit is the hydrothermal deposits for early deposition, the late hydrothermal transformation.

scholarly journals G-Doping-Based Metal-Semiconductor Junction

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Avtandil Tavkhelidze ◽  
Larissa Jangidze ◽  
Zaza Taliashvili ◽  
Nima E. Gorji
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Reverse Current ◽  
Probe Method ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Semiconductor Interface ◽  
Depletion Width ◽  
Current Reduction ◽  
Reduced Density ◽  
P Type ◽  
The Relationship

Geometry-induced doping (G-doping) has been realized in semiconductors nanograting layers. G-doping-based p-p(v) junction has been fabricated and demonstrated with extremely low forward voltage and reduced reverse current. The formation mechanism of p-p(v) junction has been proposed. To obtain G-doping, the surfaces of p-type and p+-type silicon substrates were patterned with nanograting indents of depth d = 30 nm. The Ti/Ag contacts were deposited on top of G-doped layers to form metal-semiconductor junctions. The two-probe method has been used to record the I–V characteristics and the four-probe method has been deployed to exclude the contribution of metal-semiconductor interface. The collected data show a considerably lower reverse current in p-type substrates with nanograting pattern. In the case of p+-type substrate, nanograting reduced the reverse current dramatically (by 1–2 orders of magnitude). However, the forward currents are not affected in both substrates. We explained these unusual I–V characteristics with G-doping theory and p-p(v) junction formation mechanism. The decrease of reverse current is explained by the drop of carrier generation rate which resulted from reduced density of quantum states within the G-doped region. Analysis of energy-band diagrams suggested that the magnitude of reverse current reduction depends on the relationship between G-doping depth and depletion width.

Analysis of Primary Short Circuited Melted Mark Evidence Identification in Electrical Fire Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 876 ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
En Xia Li ◽  
Na Xu ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Hong Ma ◽  
Jun Bo Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Metallographic Method ◽  
Reference Map ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fire Cause ◽  
Temperature Melting

Regardless of fire heat or short circuit high temperature melting, the residual traces which represent the environmental characteristics can be found in copper and aluminum wires. The primary short circuited melted mark identification must be scientific and objective for physical evidence of the electricity fire during detecting, and the conclusions are related to the fire survey process. Currently, identification method of electricity fire, including macroscopic method and metallographic method, is very general and lacking of standard reference map and detailed description. According to the macro and micro characteristics and formation mechanism of various fire wire melted marks and the characteristics of metallographic organization of primary short circuited melted mark, two actual cases were analyzed in detail so as to distinguish the relationship between the melting reason and fire cause and to confirm that these two fires are caused by primary short circuit.

Splitting Property Analysis of Automotive Con-Rod Steel C70S6

2015 ◽  
Vol 817 ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li Wen ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Le Yu Zhou ◽  
Lie Chen ◽  
Hai Long Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Cleavage Fracture ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Grain Orientation ◽  
Main Crack ◽  
Propagation Direction ◽  
Splitting Property ◽  
The Relationship

In order to analysis the splitting property of automotive con-rod steel C70S6, a type of con-rods using this material were manufactured on a domestic production line. Both the fracture and the cracks of the con-rods were observed by SEM, the relationship between the cracks and the grain orientation were analyzed by EBSD. The results show that the fracture of the steel is cleavage fracture and most cleavage planes are {001} , the crack initiation is mainly ferrite or inclusions, and the crack propagation race is along the {001} planes, most microcracks in the vicinity of the main crack induced by the notch can coalesce with it and change its propagation direction, this is the probable formation mechanism of the step-like fracture.

The Discussion of {111}∥ND Formation Mechanism

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 782-785
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Yan Hong Leng ◽  
Lian Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Cold Reduction ◽  
Slip Systems ◽  
Deformation Stage ◽  
The Relationship

{111}∥ND forms at deformation stage, it is connected with main slip systems, by analyzing main slip systems and its performance, {111}∥ND formation mechanism can be drawn. In addition, by analyzing cold reduction’s effect on main slip systems, the relationship between {111}∥ND and cold reduction can be drawn, and some experiments can be explained.

scholarly journals Influence of Implicit Followership Cognitive Differences on Innovation Behavior: An Empirical Analysis in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4940
Author(s):  
Wei Liang ◽  
Tingyi Li ◽  
Li Lu ◽  
Jaehyoung Kim ◽  
Sanggyun Na
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Innovation Behavior

The innovation behavior (IB) of followers is vital for individuals and organizations. It is not only an important part of individual performance but also an essential foundation of organizational innovation. In general, understanding the formation mechanism of followers’ IB could enhance organizational innovation performance and sustainable competitiveness. The innovation of this study includes the following points. First, in the previous research on the antecedent variables of the IB of followers, the key factor of implicit follow cognitive difference (IFCD) was not examined. We add this key factor to the independent variables of our formation mechanism. Second, in the relationship between IFCD and followers’ IB, we investigate the mediating role of psychological empowerment (PE) and the moderating role of person-organization Fit (P-O Fit), further shown as a mediation model with moderating variables. Third, this study adopts a longitudinal research design, and the data were obtained from 1:1 matched leaders and their followers of large and medium-sized enterprises in China. To avoid deviation in the homologous method, this study gathers data at three-month intervals to ensure that leadership’s influence on followers is effective. In this study, Amos 24.0 and SPSS 24.0 are used for empirical research. The results show IFCD has a negative effect on the IB of followers; PE has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between IFCD and IB of followers; P-O Fit plays a positive regulatory role in the relationship between IFCD and PE, and P-O Fit moderates the mediating effect of PE on the relationship between IFCD and IB. Based on our empirical research, we put forward some feasible suggestions for company managers to increase sustainability in market competition by promoting the formation of the IB of followers.

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