2-Deoxyglucosone: A New C6-α-Dicarbonyl Compound in the Maillard Reaction of d-Fructose with γ-Aminobutyric Acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (44) ◽  
pp. 11806-11811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Bruhns ◽  
Martin Kaufmann ◽  
Timo Koch ◽  
Lothar W. Kroh
Keyword(s):  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Dicarbonyl Compound

scholarly journals Simplified Kinetics and Colour Formation in Sucrose Solutions Based on A-Dicarbonyl Compounds

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quido Smejkal ◽  
Thorsten Fiedler ◽  
Tomas Kurz ◽  
Lothar Kroh
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Enzymatic Browning ◽  
Dicarbonyl Compounds ◽  
Formation Reaction ◽  
Dicarbonyl Compound ◽  
Reaction Systems ◽  
Dominant Colour ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
Two Temperature

Colour formation in technical and model sucrose solutions was investigated resulting in a novel kinetic approach of MAILLARD reaction during thermal processing of sugar solutions. Presented results describe new aspects of the non-enzymatic browning reaction (MAILLARD reaction). Two temperature depending pathways of colour formation were found. Both reaction mechanisms are based on the formation of a-dicarbonyl compounds, the key intermediates of colour formation.Discussing temperature dependence of colour formation, a change on MAILLARD reaction mechanism takes place at 100.4 °C. Above this temperature the colour formation is strongly accelerated. Activation energy of the non-enzymatic browning energy for temperatures from 65 ° to 100.4 °C amounts 77 kJ/mol. In this temperature range, D-glucosone is the most important a-dicarbonyl compound for studied reaction systems. Above 100.4 °C, activation energy is equal to 112 kJ/mol and 3-deoxyosone is the dominant colour formation intermediate. Achieved results bridge the gap between the termination step of a MAILLARD reaction –i.e. of colour formation (represented by its activation energy) and intermediates formation (reaction kinetics). In particular, a change of colour formation mechanism with reaction temperature was confirmed by specific formation of two a-dicarbonyl compounds, responsible for MAILLARD reaction in technical sugar solutions.

scholarly journals Formation of Reducing Substances in the Maillard Reaction between D-Glucose and γ-Aminobutyric Acid

1992 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Ninomiya ◽  
Toshiake Matsuzaki ◽  
Hitoshi Shigematsu
Keyword(s):  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Reducing Substances

Basic Structure of Melanoidins Formed in the Maillard Reaction of 3-Deoxyglucosone and γ-Aminobutyric Acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (18) ◽  
pp. 5197-5203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Bruhns ◽  
Clemens Kanzler ◽  
Andreas G. Degenhardt ◽  
Timo J. Koch ◽  
Lothar W. Kroh
Keyword(s):  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid

Purification of Antihemophilic Factor (Factor VIII) by Amino Acid Precipitation*

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 064-074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H Wagner ◽  
William D McLester ◽  
Marion Smith ◽  
K. M Brinkhous
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Specific Procedure ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Antihemophilic Factor

Summary1. The use of several amino acids, glycine, alpha-aminobutyric acid, alanine, beta-alanine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid, as plasma protein precipitants is described.2. A specific procedure is detailed for the preparation of canine antihemophilic factor (AHF, Factor VIII) in which glycine, beta-alanine, and gammaaminobutyric acid serve as the protein precipitants.3. Preliminary results are reported for the precipitation of bovine and human AHF with amino acids.

A Simple Method for Preparing Fibrinogen

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Straughn ◽  
R. H Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Barium Sulfate ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Marked Stability

SummaryA simple new procedure is reported for the isolation of canine, bovine, porcine, and human fibrinogen. Two molar β-alanine is used to precipitate fibrinogen from barium sulfate adsorbed plasma. The procedure is characterized by dependability and high yields. The material is 95% to 98% clottable protein but still contains impurities such as plasminogen and fibrin-stabilizing factor. Plasminogen may be removed by adsorption with charcoal. The fibrinogen preparations exhibit marked stability to freezing, lyophilization, and dialysis. Epsilon-amino-n-caproic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid which were also studied have the property of precipitating proteins from plasma but lack the specificity for fibrinogen found with β-alanine.

Understanding Schizophrenia: Genetic Causes and Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Fatima Javeria ◽  
Shazma Altaf ◽  
Alishah Zair ◽  
Rana Khalid Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Copy Number Variants ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Severe Mental Disease

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disease. The word schizophrenia literally means split mind. There are three major categories of symptoms which include positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. The disease is characterized by symptoms of hallucination, delusions, disorganized thinking and speech. Schizophrenia is related to many other mental and psychological problems like suicide, depression, hallucinations. Including these, it is also a problem for the patient’s family and the caregiver. There is no clear reason for the disease, but with the advances in molecular genetics; certain epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. Epigenetic mechanisms that are mainly involved are the DNA methylation, copy number variants. With the advent of GWAS, a wide range of SNPs is found linked with the etiology of schizophrenia. These SNPs serve as ‘hubs’; because these all are integrating with each other in causing of schizophrenia risk. Until recently, there is no treatment available to cure the disease; but anti-psychotics can reduce the disease risk by minimizing its symptoms. Dopamine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, are the neurotransmitters which serve as drug targets in the treatment of schizophrenia. Due to the involvement of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, drugs available are already targeting certain genes involved in the etiology of the disease.

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