Effects of Carbon Chain Length on the Perfluoroalkyl Acids-Induced Oxidative Stress of Erythrocytes in Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (25) ◽  
pp. 6414-6420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingren Pan ◽  
Pengfei Qin ◽  
Rutao Liu ◽  
Wanni Yu ◽  
Xiaofei Dong
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Acids ◽  
Carbon Chain Length

scholarly journals Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Behavior and In Vitro Digestion Simulation of Medium Chain Fatty Acids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ericsem Pereira ◽  
Antonio J. A. Meirelles ◽  
Guilherme J. Maximo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The absorption of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) depends on the solubility of these components in the gastric fluid. Parameters such as the total MCFA concentration, carboxyl ionization level, and carbon chain length affect the solubility of these molecules. Moreover, the enzymatic lipolysis of solubilized triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules may depend on the carbon chain length of the fatty acids (FAs) components and their positions on the glycerol backbone. This present study aimed at investigating the effect of electrolyte usually formed during the gastric digestion phase on the solubility of MCFA, and evaluating the influence of the FA carbon chain length on the lipolysis rate during the in vitro digestion simulation. The results obtained here showed that the increasing of electrolyte concentrations tend to decrease the mutual solubility of systems composed by the caproic and caprylic fatty acids + sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium chloride solutions. We also observed that a conventional version of the thermodynamic UNIQUAC model was able to correlate the liquid-liquid phase behavior of the electrolyte solutions. Regarding the in vitro digestion simulation, the experimental data indicated that the action of the pancreatic enzyme occurred preferentially in TAG molecules comprised of short and medium-chain fatty acids.

Ionic liquid-biosurfactant blends as effective dispersants for oil spills: Effect of carbon chain length and degree of saturation

2021 ◽  
pp. 117119
Author(s):  
Mansoor Ul Hassan Shah ◽  
Ambavaram Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Masahiro Goto ◽  
Muhammad Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Carbon Chain Length

Controlling the Secondary Assembly of Porous Anionic Uranyl-organic Polyhedra through Organic Cationic Templates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwen Zeng ◽  
Kong-qiu Hu ◽  
Zhi-wei Huang ◽  
Lei Mei ◽  
Xianghe Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Organic Templates ◽  
Secondary Assembly

Herein, we report a new uranyl-organic polyhedron U4L4 (L=BTPCA) assembled from uranyl and a semirigid tritopic ligand. By adjusting the carbon chain length of the organic templates, two complexes can...

Effect of carbon chain length on biological activity of novel palladium (II) complexes

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
En-Jun Gao ◽  
Hong Fu ◽  
Ming-Chang Zhu ◽  
Chi Ma ◽  
Shi-Kai Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length

scholarly journals Studies on Surfactants, Cosurfactants, and Oils for Prospective Use in Formulation of Ketorolac Tromethamine Ophthalmic Nanoemulsions

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Shahla S. Smail ◽  
Mowafaq M. Ghareeb ◽  
Huner K. Omer ◽  
Ali A. Al-Kinani ◽  
Raid G. Alany
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Molecular Descriptors ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Log P ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Ketorolac Tromethamine ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Tween 60

Nanoemulsions (NE) are isotropic, dispersions of oil, water, surfactant(s) and cosurfactant(s). A range of components (11 surfactants, nine cosurfactants, and five oils) were investigated as potential excipients for preparation of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) ocular nanoemulsion. Diol cosurfactants were investigated for the effect of their carbon chain length and dielectric constant (DEC), Log P, and HLB on saturation solubility of KT. Hen’s Egg Test—ChorioAllantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) assay was used to evaluate conjunctival irritation of selected excipients. Of the investigated surfactants, Tween 60 achieved the highest KT solubility (9.89 ± 0.17 mg/mL), followed by Cremophor RH 40 (9.00 ± 0.21 mg/mL); amongst cosurfactants of interest ethylene glycol yielded the highest KT solubility (36.84 ± 0.40 mg/mL), followed by propylene glycol (26.23 ± 0.82 mg/mL). The solubility of KT in cosurfactants was affected by four molecular descriptors: carbon chain length, DEC, log P and HLB. KT solubility was directly proportional to DEC and the HLB yet, inversely proportional to carbon chain length and log P. All surfactants, except Labrasol ALF, were non-irritant. The majority of cosurfactants were slightly irritant, butylene glycol was a moderate irritant, pentylene and hexylene glycols were strong irritants. These findings will inform experiments aimed at developing NE formulations for ocular administration of KT.

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