Dietary Clostridium butyricum Induces a Phased Shift in Fecal Microbiota Structure and Increases the Acetic Acid-Producing Bacteria in a Weaned Piglet Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (20) ◽  
pp. 5157-5166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Xiyue Chen ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Jinbiao Zhao ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Weaned Piglet ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Microbiota Structure

scholarly journals Temporal Stability and the Effect of Transgenerational Transfer on Fecal Microbiota Structure in a Long Distance Migratory Bird

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Kreisinger ◽  
Lucie Kropáčková ◽  
Adéla Petrželková ◽  
Marie Adámková ◽  
Oldřich Tomášek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Microbiota Structure

scholarly journals Circadian disruption and divergent microbiota acquisition under extended photoperiod regimens in chicken

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Charlotte Hieke ◽  
Shawna Marie Hubert ◽  
Giridhar Athrey
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Circadian Disruption ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Structure

The gut microbiota is crucial for metabolic homeostasis, immunity, growth and overall health, and it recognized that early-life microbiota acquisition is a pivotal event for later life health. Recent studies show that gut microbiota diversity and functional activity are synchronized with the host circadian rhythms in healthy individuals, and circadian disruption elicits dysbiosis in mammalian models. However, no studies have determined the associations between circadian disruption in early life, microbiota colonization, and the consequences for microbiota structure in birds. Chickens, as a major source of protein around the world, are one of the most important agricultural species, and their gut and metabolic health are significant concerns. The poultry industry routinely employs extended photoperiods (>18 hours’ light) as a management tool, and their impacts on the chicken circadian, its role in gut microbiota acquisition in early life, and consequences for later life microbiota structure remain unknown. In this study, the objectives were to a) characterize chicken circadian activity under two different light regimes (12/12 hours’ Light/Dark and 23/1 hours Light/Dark), b) characterize gut microbiota acquisition and composition in the first four weeks of life, c) determine if gut microbiota oscillate in synchrony with the host circadian, and d) to determine if fecal microbiota is representative of cecal microbiota. Expression of clock genes (clock, bmal1, and per2) were assayed, and fecal and cecal microbiota was characterized using 16s rRNA amplicon analyses from birds raised under two photoperiod treatments. Chickens raised under 12/12 LD photoperiods exhibited rhythmic clock gene activity, which was absent in birds raised under the extended (23/1 LD) photoperiod. This study is also the first to report differential microbiota acquisition under different photoperiod regimes. Gut microbiota members showed a similar oscillating pattern as the host, but this association was not as strong as found in mammals. Finally, the fecal microbiota was found to be not representative of cecal microbiota membership and structure. This is one of the first studies to demonstrate the use of photoperiods to modulate microbiota acquisition, and show its potential utility as a tool to promote the colonization of beneficial microorganisms.

scholarly journals Circadian disruption and divergent microbiota acquisition under extended photoperiod regimens in chicken

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Charlotte Hieke ◽  
Shawna Marie Hubert ◽  
Giridhar Athrey
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Circadian Disruption ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Structure

The gut microbiota is crucial for metabolic homeostasis, immunity, growth and overall health, and it recognized that early-life microbiota acquisition is a pivotal event for later life health. Recent studies show that gut microbiota diversity and functional activity are synchronized with the host circadian rhythms in healthy individuals, and circadian disruption elicits dysbiosis in mammalian models. However, no studies have determined the associations between circadian disruption in early life, microbiota colonization, and the consequences for microbiota structure in birds. Chickens, as a major source of protein around the world, are one of the most important agricultural species, and their gut and metabolic health are significant concerns. The poultry industry routinely employs extended photoperiods (>18 hours’ light) as a management tool, and their impacts on the chicken circadian, its role in gut microbiota acquisition in early life, and consequences for later life microbiota structure remain unknown. In this study, the objectives were to a) characterize chicken circadian activity under two different light regimes (12/12 hours’ Light/Dark and 23/1 hours Light/Dark), b) characterize gut microbiota acquisition and composition in the first four weeks of life, c) determine if gut microbiota oscillate in synchrony with the host circadian, and d) to determine if fecal microbiota is representative of cecal microbiota. Expression of clock genes (clock, bmal1, and per2) were assayed, and fecal and cecal microbiota was characterized using 16s rRNA amplicon analyses from birds raised under two photoperiod treatments. Chickens raised under 12/12 LD photoperiods exhibited rhythmic clock gene activity, which was absent in birds raised under the extended (23/1 LD) photoperiod. This study is also the first to report differential microbiota acquisition under different photoperiod regimes. Gut microbiota members showed a similar oscillating pattern as the host, but this association was not as strong as found in mammals. Finally, the fecal microbiota was found to be not representative of cecal microbiota membership and structure. This is one of the first studies to demonstrate the use of photoperiods to modulate microbiota acquisition, and show its potential utility as a tool to promote the colonization of beneficial microorganisms.

scholarly journals Characterization and application of nitrogen-fixing and indole-3-acetic acid producing bacteria A13 in Oil Palm (Elaeisguineensis Jacq.) seedling

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Ismi Isti'anah ◽  
Nisa Mubarik Rachmania ◽  
Aris Tjahjoleksono
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Good Prospect ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Semisolid Medium ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Biological Fertilizer ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Oil palm plantations have a good prospect in Indonesia. One of the efforts to improve the productivity of oil palm plantation is the application of bacteria as biological fertilizer. The research was conducted to characterize and apply the nitrogen-fixing and indole-3-acetic acid producing bacteria in oil palm seedlings. The bacteria was isolated from soil samples which taken from Taman Nasional Bukit Dua Belas (TNBD) Jambi. Nitrogen free bromthymol blue (NFB) is used as media for nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolation. Selected isolate named A13 had an ability to form white pellicle on the surface of the semisolid medium, increased the pH, and changed the color of medium from green to blue Isolate A13 was identified as Gram-negative bacteria and had a rods shape. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that isolate A13 had a similarity with Pseudochrobactrum assacharolyticum. Hypersensitivity assay on tobacco leaves showed that isolate A13 was not a pathogen. During 48 hours of incubation, isolate A13 produced a maximum of IAA at the 24th hour of incubation. Isolate A13 produced 0.675 ppm of ethylene/hour in Acetylene Reduction Assay and 69,839 ppm of IAA in HPLC methods. This was the first report on nitrogen fixation and IAA production by Pseudochrobactrum assacharolyticum and its application in the soil of oil palm seedlings. Application of isolate A13 in oil palm seedling increased significantly the number of lateral roots, stem diameter, and height of plants

729. Characteristics of a presumptive pediococcus occurring in New Zealand Cheddar cheese

1958 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Dacre
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Cheddar Cheese ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

1. Cultural and biochemical details are given of a homofermentative species of lactic acid-producing bacteria, repeatedly isolated from typical maturing New Zealand Cheddar cheese.2. The Gram-positive cocci, occurring mainly in pairs and tetrads in acid media, are greatly stimulated in growth by the presence of yeast or tomato extracts. The organism converts glucose into inactive lactic acid and smaller amounts of acetic acid.3. With the exceptions that the organism does not ferment trehalose and is less tolerant to low pH and high concentrations of Teepol, all its characteristics are similar to those for the genusPediococcus, in particular to the type speciesP. cerevisiaeBalcke.

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