Sesamol Supplementation Attenuates DSS-Induced Colitis via Mediating Gut Barrier Integrity, Inflammatory Responses, and Reshaping Gut Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (39) ◽  
pp. 10697-10708
Author(s):  
Beita Zhao ◽  
Bing Xia ◽  
Xiaohan Li ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Xiaoning Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Barrier Integrity

scholarly journals Defining the temporal evolution of gut dysbiosis and inflammatory responses leading to hepatocellular carcinoma in Mdr2 −/− mouse model

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Behary ◽  
A. E. Raposo ◽  
N. M. L. Amorim ◽  
H. Zheng ◽  
L. Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Liver Inflammation ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis

Abstract Background Emerging evidence implicates the gut microbiome in liver inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. We aimed to characterize the temporal evolution of gut dysbiosis, in relation to the phenotype of systemic and hepatic inflammatory responses leading to HCC development. In the present study, Mdr2 −/− mice were used as a model of inflammation-based HCC. Gut microbiome composition and function, in addition to serum LPS, serum cytokines/chemokines and intrahepatic inflammatory genes were measured throughout the course of liver injury until HCC development. Results Early stages of liver injury, inflammation and cirrhosis, were characterized by dysbiosis. Microbiome functional pathways pertaining to gut barrier dysfunction were enriched during the initial phase of liver inflammation and cirrhosis, whilst those supporting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis increased as cirrhosis and HCC ensued. In parallel, serum LPS progressively increased during the course of liver injury, corresponding to a shift towards a systemic Th1/Th17 proinflammatory phenotype. Alongside, the intrahepatic inflammatory gene profile transitioned from a proinflammatory phenotype in the initial phases of liver injury to an immunosuppressed one in HCC. In established HCC, a switch in microbiome function from carbohydrate to amino acid metabolism occurred. Conclusion In Mdr2 −/− mice, dysbiosis precedes HCC development, with temporal evolution of microbiome function to support gut barrier dysfunction, LPS biosynthesis, and redirection of energy source utilization. A corresponding shift in systemic and intrahepatic inflammatory responses occurred supporting HCC development. These findings support the notion that gut based therapeutic interventions could be beneficial early in the course of liver disease to halt HCC development.

scholarly journals Cinnamaldehyde Promotes the Intestinal Barrier Functions and Reshapes Gut Microbiome in Early Weaned Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Qi ◽  
Haiguang Mao ◽  
Xiaohui Lu ◽  
Tingting Shi ◽  
Jinbo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Junction Proteins

Cinnamaldehyde is an aromatic aldehyde isolated from the essential oil of cinnamon. It has been proved to possess various bioactivities such as anti-inflammation, anti-bacteria and antihypertensive. Nevertheless, early weaning could lead to intestinal stress, causing a range of intestinal health problems. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of cinnamaldehyde on gut barrier integrity, inflammatory responses, and intestinal microbiome of early weaned rats. In this study, treatment with cinnamaldehyde (100 or 200 mg/kg bodyweight/day) for 2 weeks significantly promoted the production of mucins in the colonic epithelial tissue of rats. Cinnamaldehyde supplementation significantly upregulated the expression of Muc2, TFF3 and the tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-1, and occludin). Hematoxylin and eosin staining results showed that colonic histopathological changes were recovered by cinnamaldehyde supplementation. The mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in the cinnamaldehyde groups while the TNF-α protein levels were significantly decreased in the two cinnamaldehyde groups. Cinnamaldehyde treatment obviously attenuated the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in rat colonic tissue and suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde supplementation remodeled the gut microbiome structure, at the genus level, Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Clostridium III, Psychrobacter, Intestinimonas were increased, whereas those of Ruminococcus, Escherichia/Shigella were obviously decreased in the cinnamaldehyde treated groups. These findings indicated that cinnamaldehyde could effectively enhance intestinal barrier integrity, ameliorate inflammatory responses and remodel gut microbiome in early weaned rats.

The dietary supplement Rhodiola crenulata extract alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice through anti-inflammation, mediating gut barrier integrity and reshaping the gut microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3142-3158
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Hongxun Tao ◽  
Huimin Huang ◽  
Yaqin Xiao ◽  
Xiaoxiao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Rhodiola Crenulata ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Rhodiola crenulata extract alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice through anti-inflammation, mediating gut barrier integrity and reshaping the gut microbiome.

Bacterial Translocation from the Gut to the Distant Organs: An Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Nagpal ◽  
Hariom Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Basolateral Side

Background: The intestinal epithelial layer is the chief barricade between the luminal contents and the host. A healthy homeostatic intestinal barrier is pivotal for maintaining gastrointestinal health, which impacts the overall health as it safeguards the gut-blood axis and checks gut microbes including potential pathogens from entering into the circulation. Summary: Under healthy milieus, the intestinal barrier is generally very dynamic and effective, with luminal side being heavily infested with a wide variety of gut microbes while the basolateral side remains virtually sterile. However, certain conditions such as abnormal exposure to toxins, drugs, pathogens etc. or a state of hyper-inflammation due to disease conditions may weaken or destabilize the integrity of gut epithelia. A perturbed gut integrity and permeability (“leaky gut”) may lead to microbial (bacterial) translocation, and the eventual leakage of bacteria or their metabolites into the circulation can make the host susceptible to various types of diseases via inducing chronic or acute inflammatory response. Key Message: Given a close association with gut integrity, bacterial translocation and inflammatory responses have recently emerged as a clinically important research field and have unveiled novel aspects of gut microbial ecology and various gastrointestinal, metabolic, and lifestyle diseases. This review aims to describe the significance of a healthy gut barrier integrity and permeability, as well as the factors and consequences associated with a compromised gut barrier, while discussing briefly the dietary approaches including probiotics and prebiotics that could ameliorate gut health by restoring gut environment and barrier integrity, thereby preventing bacterial translocation.

Chickpea-supplemented diet alters the gut microbiome and enhances gut barrier integrity in C57Bl/6 male mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 663-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Monk ◽  
Dion Lepp ◽  
Wenqing Wu ◽  
Daniela Graf ◽  
Laurel H. McGillis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Barrier Integrity

scholarly journals Markers of Gut Barrier Function and Microbial Translocation Associate with Lower Gut Microbial Diversity in People with HIV

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1891
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Ellis ◽  
Jennifer E. Iudicello ◽  
Robert K. Heaton ◽  
Stéphane Isnard ◽  
John Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Relationship Of

People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) have reduced gut barrier integrity (“leaky gut”) that permits diffusion of microbial antigens (microbial translocation) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the circulation, stimulating inflammation. A potential source of this disturbance, in addition to gut lymphoid tissue CD4+ T-cell depletion, is the interaction between the gut barrier and gut microbes themselves. We evaluated the relationship of gut barrier integrity, as indexed by plasma occludin levels (higher levels corresponding to greater loss of occludin from the gut barrier), to gut microbial diversity. PWH and people without HIV (PWoH) participants were recruited from community sources and provided stool, and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the gut microbiome. Microbial diversity was indexed by Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (PD). Participants were 50 PWH and 52 PWoH individuals, mean ± SD age 45.6 ± 14.5 years, 28 (27.5%) women, 50 (49.0%) non-white race/ethnicity. PWH had higher gut microbial diversity (Faith’s PD 14.2 ± 4.06 versus 11.7 ± 3.27; p = 0.0007), but occludin levels were not different (1.84 ± 0.311 versus 1.85 ± 0.274; p = 0.843). Lower gut microbial diversity was associated with higher plasma occludin levels in PWH (r = −0.251; p = 0.0111), but not in PWoH. A multivariable model demonstrated an interaction (p = 0.0459) such that the correlation between Faith’s PD and plasma occludin held only for PWH (r = −0.434; p = 0.0017), but not for PWoH individuals (r = −0.0227; p = 0.873). The pattern was similar for Shannon alpha diversity. Antiretroviral treatment and viral suppression status were not associated with gut microbial diversity (ps > 0.10). Plasma occludin levels were not significantly related to age, sex or ethnicity, nor to current or nadir CD4 or plasma viral load. Higher occludin levels were associated with higher plasma sCD14 and LPS, both markers of microbial translocation. Together, the findings suggest that damage to the gut epithelial barrier is an important mediator of microbial translocation and inflammation in PWH, and that reduced gut microbiome diversity may have an important role.

scholarly journals Oral–Gut Microbiome Axis in Gastrointestinal Disease and Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2124
Author(s):  
Se-Young Park ◽  
Byeong-Oh Hwang ◽  
Mihwa Lim ◽  
Seung-Ho Ok ◽  
Sun-Kyoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Interaction ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Precise Diagnosis

It is well-known that microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with numerous diseases in the human body. The oral cavity and gut are the two largest microbial habitats, playing a major role in microbiome-associated diseases. Even though the oral cavity and gut are continuous regions connected through the gastrointestinal tract, the oral and gut microbiome profiles are well-segregated due to the oral–gut barrier. However, the oral microbiota can translocate to the intestinal mucosa in conditions of the oral–gut barrier dysfunction. Inversely, the gut-to-oral microbial transmission occurs as well in inter- and intrapersonal manners. Recently, it has been reported that oral and gut microbiomes interdependently regulate physiological functions and pathological processes. Oral-to-gut and gut-to-oral microbial transmissions can shape and/or reshape the microbial ecosystem in both habitats, eventually modulating pathogenesis of disease. However, the oral–gut microbial interaction in pathogenesis has been underappreciated to date. Here, we will highlight the oral–gut microbiome crosstalk and its implications in the pathogenesis of the gastrointestinal disease and cancer. Better understanding the role of the oral–gut microbiome axis in pathogenesis will be advantageous for precise diagnosis/prognosis and effective treatment.

Plasma Levels of Endocannabinoids and Their Analogues Are Related to Specific Fecal Bacterial Genera in Young Adults: Role on Gut Barrier Integrity

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Ortiz-Alvarez ◽  
Huiwen Xu ◽  
Xinyu Di ◽  
Isabelle Kohler ◽  
Francisco J. Osuna-Prieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Barrier Integrity
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