Divergent Evolution of the Diterpene Biosynthesis Pathway in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis) Caused by Single Amino Acid Variation of ent-Kaurene Synthase

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (37) ◽  
pp. 9930-9939
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Guanhua Liu ◽  
Yoshimi Yamamura ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Jianyu Fu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Amino Acid Variation ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Diterpene Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Molecular Identification and Characterization of Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Hui Sun ◽  
Chin-Ying Yang ◽  
Jason Tzen
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Tea Plants

Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) contains abundant secondary metabolites, which are regulated by numerous enzymes. Hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) is involved in the biosynthesis pathways of polyphenols and flavonoids, and it can catalyze the transfer of hydroxyconnamoyl coenzyme A to substrates such as quinate, flavanol glycoside, or anthocyanins, thus resulting in the production of chlorogenic acid or acylated flavonol glycoside. In this study, the CsHCT gene was cloned from the Chin-Shin Oolong tea plant, and its protein functions and characteristics were analyzed. The full-length cDNA of CsHCT contains 1311 base pairs and encodes 436 amino acid sequences. Amino acid sequence was highly conserved with other HCTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa, Hibiscus cannabinus, and Coffea canephora. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that CsHCT is highly expressed in the stem tissues of both tea plants and seedlings. The CsHCT expression level was relatively high at high altitudes. The abiotic stress experiment suggested that low temperature, drought, and high salinity induced CsHCT transcription. Furthermore, the results of hormone treatments indicated that abscisic acid (ABA) induced a considerable increase in the CsHCT expression level. This may be attributed to CsHCT involvement in abiotic stress and ABA signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Single Amino Acid Variation Underlies Species-Specific Sensitivity to Amphibian Skin-Derived Opioid-like Peptides

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyal Vardy ◽  
Maria F. Sassano ◽  
Andrew J. Rennekamp ◽  
Wesley K. Kroeze ◽  
Philip D. Mosier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Amphibian Skin ◽  
Amino Acid Variation ◽  
Specific Sensitivity ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Improves Leaf Food Quality of Tea Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Dong SHAO ◽  
De-Jian ZHANG ◽  
Xian-Chun HU ◽  
Qiang-Sheng WU ◽  
Chang-Jun JIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Tea Polyphenol ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Tea (Camellia sinensis) plants inhabit arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in rhizosphere, whereas it is not clear whether AMF improves leaf food quality of tea plants. A potted study was conducted to determine effects of Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Diversispora spurca, D. versiformis and a mixture of the three AMF species on leaf sugar, amino acid, soluble protein, tea polyphenol, catechuic acid, and flavonoid contents of Camellia sinensis ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ seedlings. After 12 weeks of AMF inoculation, mycorrhizal plants recorded significantly higher shoot biomass and total leaf area, whilst the effect was ranked as C. etunicatum > D. spurca > mixed-AMF > D. versiformis in the decreasing order. AMF treatments significantly increased leaf total amino acid concentrations, accompanied with up-regulation of amino acid synthetic enzymes genes glutamine synthetase (CsGS), glutamate synthase (CsGOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (CsGDH). Leaf glucose, sucrose, total soluble protein, tea polyphenol, catechuic acid, and flavonoid contents were significantly higher in AMF- than in non-AMF-inoculated plants. In addition, mycorrhizal inoculation notably up-regulated the expression level of leaf 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme gene (CsHMGR), ascorbate peroxidase gene (CsAPX), and tea caffeine synthase 1 gene (CsTCS1). These results implied that AMF inoculation had positive effects on leaf food quality partly by means of up-regulation of relevant gene expression in ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ seedlings.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

scholarly journals Cancer-related single amino acid variation prediction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Jun Liu ◽  
Chin Sheng Yu ◽  
Hsiao Wei Wu ◽  
Yu Jen Chang ◽  
Chih Peng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Variation

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of the amino acid permease gene family in tea plants (Camellia sinensis)

Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 2866-2874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Duan ◽  
Xujun Zhu ◽  
Jiazhi Shen ◽  
Hongqing Xing ◽  
Zhongwei Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Amino Acid Permease ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Tea Plants

scholarly journals The structure-based cancer-related single amino acid variation prediction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Jun Liu ◽  
Chin-Sheng Yu ◽  
Hsiao-Wei Wu ◽  
Yu-Jen Chang ◽  
Chih-Peng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Amino Acid Variation ◽  
Prediction Server ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fold Cross Validation

AbstractSingle amino acid variation (SAV) is an amino acid substitution of the protein sequence that can potentially influence the entire protein structure or function, as well as its binding affinity. Protein destabilization is related to diseases, including several cancers, although using traditional experiments to clarify the relationship between SAVs and cancer uses much time and resources. Some SAV prediction methods use computational approaches, with most predicting SAV-induced changes in protein stability. In this investigation, all SAV characteristics generated from protein sequences, structures and the microenvironment were converted into feature vectors and fed into an integrated predicting system using a support vector machine and genetic algorithm. Critical features were used to estimate the relationship between their properties and cancers caused by SAVs. We describe how we developed a prediction system based on protein sequences and structure that is capable of distinguishing if the SAV is related to cancer or not. The five-fold cross-validation performance of our system is 89.73% for the accuracy, 0.74 for the Matthews correlation coefficient, and 0.81 for the F1 score. We have built an online prediction server, CanSavPre (http://bioinfo.cmu.edu.tw/CanSavPre/), which is expected to become a useful, practical tool for cancer research and precision medicine.

scholarly journals A Single Amino Acid Insertion in LCYB2 Deflects Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Red Carrot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Sun Cho ◽  
Seung Hee Jo ◽  
Hyun Ji Park ◽  
Areum Lee ◽  
Haemyeong Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Genetic Network ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Carotenoid Production ◽  
Amino Acid Insertion ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway

Abstract Carotenoids are phytochemicals that are precursors of vitamin A and effective antioxidants, required for human health. The mechanisms and underlying genetic network responsible for regulating carotenoid production in plants, however, is poorly understood, despite the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway being known. We found that a single amino acid insertion in lycopene β-cyclase2 (LCYB2) caused catalytic failure, possibly due to a flux down of lycopene to the carotenoids which may be the molecular basis for the color of red carrot roots.

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