Lignin-Modified Electronegative Epoxy Resin Nanocarriers Effectively Deliver Pesticides against Plant Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (47) ◽  
pp. 13562-13572
Author(s):  
Da-xia Zhang ◽  
Guang Liu ◽  
Tong-fang Jing ◽  
Jian Luo ◽  
Guang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and Volatile Nematicidal Metabolites from Duddingtonia flagrans against Meloidogyne incognita

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2268
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Mei ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Guohong Li
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes

Plant parasitic nematodes, especially parasitic root-knot nematodes, are one of the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide. The control of plant root-knot nematodes is extremely challenging. Duddingtonia flagrans is a type of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF), which produces three-dimensional adhesive networks to trap nematodes. In this study, the pathogenicity and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the NTF D. flagrans against the plant root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, were investigated. The predatory process of D. flagrans trapping M. incognita was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the VOCs from D. flagrans led to the identification of 52 metabolites, of which 11 main compounds were tested individually for their activity against M. incognita. Three compounds, cyclohexanamine, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexanol, were toxic to M. incognita. Furthermore, these three VOCs inhibited egg hatching of M. incognita. Cyclohexanamine showed the highest nematicidal activity, which can cause 97.93% mortality of M. incognita at 8.71 µM within 12 h. The number of hatched juveniles per egg mass after 3 days was just 8.44 when treated with 26.14 µM cyclohexanamine. This study is the first to demonstrate the nematicidal activity of VOCs produced by D. flagrans against M. incognita, which indicates that D. flagrans has the potential to biocontrol plant root-knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Dissimilar Crystal Proteins Cry5Ca1 and Cry5Da1 Synergistically Act against Meloidogyne incognita and Delay Cry5Ba-Based Nematode Resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ce Geng ◽  
Yingying Liu ◽  
Miaomiao Li ◽  
Zhen Tang ◽  
Sajid Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Structural Difference ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Cry Proteins ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Bt Crops ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Binding Epitope

ABSTRACT Cry proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been successfully used as biopesticides and in transgenic crops throughout the world. However, resources against the most serious agricultural pathogens, plant root-knot nematodes, are limited. The genomes of several highly nematicidal virulent Bt strains from our laboratory have been sequenced, facilitating the identification of novel Cry proteins and other virulence factors. We identified two novel Cry proteins, Cry5Ca1 and Cry5Da1, that exhibit high toxicity against Meloidogyne incognita. Using the Caenorhabditis elegans model, the two Cry5 toxins were shown to negatively affect nematode life span, fertility, and survival. The 50% lethal concentrations (LC50s) of Cry5Ca1 and Cry5Da1 were 57.22 μg/ml and 36.69 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, a synergistic effect (synergism factor, 1.61 to 2.04) was observed for nematicidal toxicity of Cry5Ca1 and Cry5Da1, which is accordant with the phylogenetic results suggesting that domain II of the two novel Cry5 toxins evolved into two independent clades. Through comparison of the depressed degree of toxicity in the β-methylgalactoside detoxification test, we found that the novel toxin Cry5D possesses a different galactose-binding epitope; meanwhile, the finding that Cry5D does not share a motif (GXXXE) in the corresponding loop of domain II with Cry5B could explain the different galactose binding performance. Additionally, low-level cross-resistance of C. elegans bre mutant strains was evident between Cry5B and Cry5D. These results suggest that Cry5D can be used as an alternative to delay the potential resistance of nematodes to Cry5B. IMPORTANCE Although proper gene resources for Bt crops against the most serious agricultural pathogens, plant root-knot nematodes, are limited, we have identified two novel nematicidal toxins, Cry5Ca1 and Cry5Da1, against M. incognita, which have supplied more gene candidates for Bt crops designed against nematodes. Moreover, the association of the dissimilarity between Cry5Da1 and Cry5Ba1 and their low cross-resistance can be attributed not only to a low sequence similarity of domain II but also to the structural difference of the key motif and receptor-binding epitope in the loops. This association facilitates the selection of a proper candidate for the prospective design of pyramided Bt crops that can delay potential resistance.

scholarly journals Genome expression dynamics reveals parasitism regulatory landscape of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and a promoter motif associated with effector genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Da Rocha ◽  
Caroline Bournaud ◽  
Julie Dazeniere ◽  
Peter Thorpe ◽  
Clement Pellegrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Root-knot nematodes are the major contributor to the crop losses caused by nematodes. Root-knot nematodes secrete effectors into the plant, derived from two sets of pharyngeal gland cells, to manipulate host physiology and immunity. Successful completion of the life cycle, involving successive molts from egg to adult, covers morphologically and functionally distinct stages and will require precise control of gene expression, including effectors. The details of how root-knot nematodes regulate transcription remain sparse. Here, we report a life stage-specific transcriptome of Meloidogyne incognita. Combined with an available annotated genome, we explore the spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression. We reveal gene expression clusters and predicted functions that accompany the major developmental transitions. Focusing on effectors, we identify a putative cis-regulatory motif associated with expression in the dorsal glands: providing an insight into effector regulation. We combine the presence of this motif with several other criteria to predict a novel set of putative dorsal gland effectors. Finally, we show this motif, and thereby its utility, is broadly conserved across the Meloidogyne genus and termed it Mel-DOG. Taken together, we provide the first genome-wide analysis of spatio-temporal gene expression in a root-knot nematode, and identify a new set of candidate effector genes that will guide future functional analyses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Multiple Impacts of Furfural Acetone on Nematodes In Vitro and Control Efficiency against Root-Knot Nematodes in Pots and Fields

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Wanli Cheng ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Li Zeng ◽  
Dian Huang ◽  
Minmin Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) seriously endanger agricultural development and cause great economic losses worldwide. Natural product furfural acetone (FAc) is a promising nematicide with strong attractant and nematicidal activities, but baseline information about the impact of FAc on the reproduction, egg hatching, feeding, and growth of nematodes and its pest control efficiency in field are lacking. Here, the inhibition effects of FAc on nematodes in vitro and its RKN control efficiency in pot and field were investigated. FAc inhibited the egg hatching of Meloidogyne incognita by 91.7% at 200 mg/L after 2 days and suppressed the reproduction, feeding, and growth of Caenorhabditis elegans in vitro. In pot experiments, FAc in various dosages reduced the disease index of plant root significantly. In field experiments, FAc exhibited control effect on RKNs equivalent to commercial nematicides avermectin and metam sodium, with a reduction in disease index by 36.9% at a dose of 50 mg/plant. FAc also reduced the population density of RKNs in soil, with a reduction rate of 75.3% at the dose of 750 mg/m2. No adverse effect was detected on plant growth after FAc application. These results provide compelling evidence for development of FAc as an appropriate alternative for current nematicides.

scholarly journals Application of Biogas Digestate with Rice Straw Mitigates Nitrate Leaching Potential and Suppresses Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuexi Wang ◽  
Seiya Chikamatsu ◽  
Tuya Gegen ◽  
Kozue Sawada ◽  
Koki Toyota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Biogas Digestate

This study investigated the effects of biogas digestate application to soil with rice straw on nitrate leaching potential and nematicidal activity toward root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita. The following seven treatments were set up: (i) control (CONT); (ii) chemical fertilizer (CF); (iii) wet biogas digestate derived from pig manure (WBD); (iv) and (v) dry biogas digestate derived from a mixture of pig manure and rice straw at an initial C/N ratio of 20 and 30 (DBD20 and DBD30); (vi) and (vii) DBD20 mixed with rice straw to adjust the C/N ratio to 16 (Mix1) and 30 (Mix2), respectively. The application rate of CF and digestates was adjusted to 200 mg N kg−1 soil based on the inorganic ammonium nitrogen contents. Nitrate contents readily increased in all the treatments with incubation, except for Mix2, and those at day 90 were decreased with increasing initial labile C contents. Garden balsam was grown as a test plant for root-knot nematodes using the soils at day 90 and the results showed that the gall index was significantly lower in Mix2 and Mix1 than in CF. These results suggest that dry digestate mixed with rice straw might have potential for lower nitrate leaching and nematicidal properties.

Yellow Nutsedge Response to Southern Root-Knot Nematodes, Chile Peppers, and Metolachlor

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Schroeder ◽  
Michael J. Kenney ◽  
Stephen H. Thomas ◽  
Leigh Murray
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Chile Peppers

Greenhouse experiments showed that yellow nutsedge shoot number and shoot and root dry weights were reduced by root-knot nematodes and chile peppers. Root-knot nematodes increased and chile peppers decreased the number of yellow nutsedge tubers. Yellow nutsedge tuber germination was reduced by chile peppers but not by root-knot nematodes. Yellow nutsedge established from root-knot nematode-infected tubers produced more tubers than noninfected tubers. Root-knot nematode populations became established on yellow nutsedge root systems when plants were established from tubers previously cultured with root-knot nematodes. Metolachlor stunted chile peppers, eliminated yellow nutsedge, and influenced root-knot nematode populations through reduction of host plant root mass. However, when root-knot nematodes were present, yellow nutsedge tuber germination was not affected by metolachlor. This research indicates that the pests do not exist independently and that their management may be interrelated.

Comparison of host recognition, invasion, development and reproduction of Meloidogyne graminicola and M. incognita on rice and tomato

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushar K. Dutta ◽  
Stephen J. Powers ◽  
Brian R. Kerry ◽  
Hari S. Gaur ◽  
Rosane H.C. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Tomato Roots

AbstractThe rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola normally infects rice, wheat and several other graminaceous plants. Meloidogyne incognita is a serious pest of dicotyledonous crops, although it can infect and reproduce on some cereals. This paper demonstrates and compares host recognition, development and reproduction of these two species of root-knot nematodes on rice and tomato plants. Attraction bioassays in pluronic gel clearly showed that M. incognita preferred tomato roots to rice or mustard roots, whilst M. graminicola was more attracted towards rice compared with tomato or mustard roots. Based on the attraction data from this study, it can be hypothesised that either: i) the blend of attractants and repellents are different in good and poor hosts; or ii) relatively long-range attractants, together with shorter-range repellents, might affect nematode movement patterns. Some host specific attractants might also be involved. Meloidogyne incognita was able to invade and develop to adult female but did not produce eggs in rice roots. By contrast, M. graminicola developed and reproduced faster on both rice and tomato plants compared with M. incognita. Nevertheless, second-stage juveniles of both these root-knot nematodes showed a similar pattern of distribution inside the roots, preferring to accumulate at the root tips of rice or in the vascular cylinder and cortical region of tomato.

Low-level herbivory by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) modifies root hair morphology and rhizodeposition in host plants (Hordeum vulgare)

2007 ◽  
Vol 301 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Haase ◽  
Liliane Ruess ◽  
Günter Neumann ◽  
Sven Marhan ◽  
Ellen Kandeler
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Hair Morphology

Effective concentration and range of activity of abamectin as seed treatment against root-knot nematodes in tomato under glasshouse conditions

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alfonso Cabrera ◽  
Sebastian Kiewnick ◽  
Christoph Grimm ◽  
Abd el-Fattah A. Dababat ◽  
Richard A. Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Root Growth And Development ◽  
Meloidogyne Species

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy, range of activity and effective concentrations (EC50 and EC80) of abamectin as a seed treatment of tomato against Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria and M. javanica. The study revealed that abamectin seed treatment at concentrations ranging between 0.3 and 1 mg a.s. seed−1 is highly effective against the three species of root-knot nematodes, retaining its efficacy in the soil for 8 weeks. The highest EC50 found was reached at 0.2 mg a.s. seed−1. The highest EC80 for the number of egg masses per g root in the three Meloidogyne species was attained at 0.51 mg a.s. seed−1. Abamectin as a seed treatment is promising for the control of root-knot nematodes in the field since only low amounts of active ingredient are required to give adequate protection in the most sensitive stages of tomato root growth and development.

The 16S rRNA gene of Pasteuria penetrans provides an early diagnostic of infection of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 799-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Rao ◽  
Tim H. Mauchline ◽  
Keith G. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Flexible Approach ◽  
Obligate Parasites ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Early Diagnostic

The molecular interactions between hosts and parasites is an active area of research, and the parasitism of root-knot nematodes, obligate parasites of plants, by the hyper-parasitic bacterium Pasteuria penetrans offers a model by which to investigate aspects of innate immunity. Using a pouch system we were able to demonstrate by PCR, infection of Meloidogyne incognita 4 days prior to any microscopic observations of parasitism. The pouch system, although not strictly axenic, offered a relatively clean, flexible approach with a greatly reduced number of contaminating microbial species than in any soil-based system, whereby the early stages of nematode infection could be manipulated and controlled.

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