In Vitro Susceptibility of Oxidized Myosin by μ-Calpain or Caspase-3 and the Determination of the Oxidation Sites of Myosin Heavy Chains

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (32) ◽  
pp. 8629-8636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-quan Fu ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Wangang Zhang ◽  
Ailing Ben ◽  
Rongrong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chains ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Heavy Chains

scholarly journals In vitro susceptibility testing of Fonsecaea pedrosoi to antifungals

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina de BEDOUT ◽  
Beatriz L. GÓMEZ ◽  
Angela RESTREPO
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Clinical Failure ◽  
Fonsecaea Pedrosoi ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility Testing

Based on the difficulties experienced in the treatment of chromoblastomycosis, 12 primary human isolates of F. pedrosoi, were tested for their in vitro susceptibility to various antimycotics. We adapted the recommendations of the NCCLS for yeasts and followed the indications for mold testing from other authors in order to determine their MIC’s and the MLC’s. It was found that a significant proportion of the isolates were resistant to 3 of the 4 antimycotics tested, as revealed by high MIC values, as follows: 33% were resistant to amphotericin B (AMB), 58.3% to 5 fluocytosine (5 FC) and 66.7% to fluconazole (FLU). Contrarywise, none of the isolates proved resistant to itraconazole (ITZ). Determination of the MLC’s revealed that a larger proportion of the isolates were not killed by AMB, 5 FC (91.7%), FLU (100%) or even, ITZ (41.7%). These data indicate that it would be desirable to determine the susceptibility of F. pedrosoi before initiating therapy, in order to choose the more effective antifungal and avoid clinical failure

Phosphorylation of vertebrate smooth muscle and nonmuscle myosin heavy chains in vitro and in intact cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (Supplement 14) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. KELLEY ◽  
S. KAWAMOTO ◽  
M. A. CONTI ◽  
R. S. ADELSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chains ◽  
Nonmuscle Myosin ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Heavy Chains

Comparison of In Vitro Assays of Cellular Toxicity in the Human Hepatic Cell Line HepG2

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Miret ◽  
Els M. De Groene ◽  
Werner Klaffke
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Fluorometric Assay ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Wide Range

Cytotoxicity testing allows determining whether a compound or extract contains significant quantities of biologically harmful chemicals. Cytotoxicity test methods are useful for screening because they serve to separate toxic from nontoxic materials, providing predictive evidence of compound safety. However, a wide range of assays measuring different aspects of cell death is available in the market, but it is difficult to determine which one(s) to use when evaluating a selection of compounds. The objective of this study was to compare different commercially available in vitro assays for cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells according to its sensitivity, reproducibility, simplicity, cost, and speed. The assays evaluated included Alamar Blue for the measurement of mitochondrial activity, ATPlite and ViaLight for the determination of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), ToxiLight as an indicator of cellular necrosis, and Caspase-3 Fluorometric Assay, Apo-ONE Caspase-3/7 Homogeneous Assay, and Caspase-Glo for the determination of caspase-3/7 activity. All assays were performed using 4 compounds of previously reported cytotoxic activity: DMSO, butyric acid, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), and camptothecine. Overall, it was concluded that the best way to evaluate the potential cytotoxicity of a compound is to employ a battery of assays that focus on different aspects of cell death. In this case, the focus has been on ATP levels, cell necrosis, and capsase-3/7 activation. Many other kits are commercially available in the market for these and other aspects of necrosis and/or apoptosis. However, the use of ViaLight Plus, ToxiLight, and Caspase-3 Fluorometric Assay resulted in the most useful combination when working with HepG2 cells.

scholarly journals In Vitro Susceptibility of Multi-Drug Resistant Klebsiellapneumoniae Strains Causing Nosocomial Infections to Fosfomycin. A Comparison of Determination Methods

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Beata Mączyńska ◽  
Justyna Paleczny ◽  
Monika Oleksy-Wawrzyniak ◽  
Irena Choroszy-Król ◽  
Marzenna Bartoszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
The Phoenix

Introduction: Over the past few decades, Klebsiella pneumoniae strains increased their pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance, thereby becoming a major therapeutic challenge. One of the few available therapeutic options seems to be intravenous fosfomycin. Unfortunately, the determination of sensitivity to fosfomycin performed in hospital laboratories can pose a significant problem. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to evaluate the activity of fosfomycin against clinical, multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from nosocomial infections between 2011 and 2020, as well as to evaluate the methods routinely used in hospital laboratories to assess bacterial susceptibility to this antibiotic. Materials and Methods: 43 multidrug-resistant Klebsiella strains isolates from various infections were tested. All the strains had ESBL enzymes, and 20 also showed the presence of carbapenemases. Susceptibility was determined using the diffusion method (E-test) and the automated system (Phoenix), which were compared with the reference method (agar dilution). Results: For the reference method and for the E-test, the percentage of strains sensitive to fosfomycin was 65%. For the Phoenix system, the percentage of susceptible strains was slightly higher and stood at 72%. The percentage of fosfomycin-resistant strains in the Klebsiella carbapenemase-producing group was higher (45% for the reference method and E-test and 40% for the Phoenix method) than in carbapenemase-negative strains (25%, 25%, and 20%, respectively). Full (100%) susceptibility categorical agreement was achieved for the E-test and the reference method. Agreement between the automated Phoenix system and the reference method reached 86%. Conclusions: Fosfomycin appears to be the antibiotic with a potential for use in the treatment of infections with multidrug-resistant Klebsiella strains. Susceptibility to this drug is exhibited by some strains, which are resistant to colistin and carbapenems. The E-test, unlike the Phoenix method, can be an alternative to the reference method in the routine determination of fosfomycin susceptibility, as it shows agreement in terms of sensitivity categories and only slight differences in MIC values. The Phoenix system, in comparison to the reference method, shows large discrepancies in the MIC values and in the susceptibility category.

scholarly journals Constructing Unit-Specific Empiric Treatment Guidelines for Catheter-Related and Primary Bacteremia by Determining the Likelihood of Inadequate Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Davis ◽  
Deverick J. Anderson ◽  
Michelle Sharpe ◽  
Luke F. Chen ◽  
Richard H. Drew
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Empiric Treatment ◽  
Inadequate Therapy ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic

This study aimed to determine the feasibility of using likelihood of inadequate therapy (LIT), a parameter calculated by using pathogen frequency and in vitro susceptibility for determination of appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy for primary bloodstream infections. Our study demonstrates that LIT may reveal differences in traditional antibiograms.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Polish Bartonella henselae Strains

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDYTA PODSIADŁY ◽  
DOROTA ŻABICKA ◽  
URSZULA DEMKOW ◽  
WALERIA HRYNIEWICZ ◽  
STANISŁAWA TYLEWSKA-WIERZBANOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Few Data

Due to the fastidious nature of B. henselae and the limited number of available isolates worldwide, there are few data on its in vitro susceptibility to antibiotics. We determined the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ten antimicrobial agents against 11 feline isolates of B. henselae by Etest method. The lowest MICs were obtained for rifampicin < or = 0.002 mg/L. MICs of all isolates were < 0.016 mg/L for ampicilin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline and ranged from 0.016 to 0.032 mg/L for azithromycin. The MICs for two tested fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin ranged from 0.016 to 0.125 mg/L. The highest MICs were obtained for gentamicin ranging from 0.025 to 2.0 mg/L. Sulphonamide resistance genes sul 1, sul 2, sul 3 were not found in any of the tested isolates. Etest methodology seems to be a reliable method for determination of B. henselae susceptibility, however standardization is strongly desired.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document