HMW-GS at Glu-B1 Locus Affects Gluten Quality Possibly Regulated by the Expression of Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes and Glutenin-Related Genes in Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (19) ◽  
pp. 5426-5436
Author(s):  
Liye Zhao ◽  
Liqun Li ◽  
Lijun Song ◽  
Zhenzhen Liu ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Gluten Quality ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes

scholarly journals Absence of Dx2 at Glu-D1 Locus Weakens Gluten Quality Potentially Regulated by Expression of Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes and Glutenin-Related Genes in Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Song ◽  
Liqun Li ◽  
Liye Zhao ◽  
Zhenzhen Liu ◽  
Tingting Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Gluten Quality ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Glutenin Macropolymer ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Absence of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) Dx2 weakens the gluten quality, but it is unclear how the absence of Dx2 has these effects. Thus, we investigated the gluten quality in terms of cytological, physicochemical, and transcriptional characteristics using two near-isogenic lines with Dx2 absent or present at Glu-D1 locus. Cytological observations showed that absence of Dx2 delayed and decreased the accumulation of protein bodies (PBs), where fewer and smaller PBs formed in the endosperm. The activity and gene expression levels of nitrogen assimilation and proteolysis enzymes were lower in HMW-D1a without Dx2 than HMW-D1p with Dx2, and thus less amino acid was transported for protein synthesis in the grains. The expression pattern of genes encoding Glu-1Dx2+1Dy12 was similar to those of three transcription factors, where these genes were significantly down-regulated in HMW-D1a than HMW-D1p. Three genes involving with glutenin polymerization were also down-regulated in HMW-D1a. These results may explain the changes in the glutenin and glutenin macropolymer (GMP) levels during grain development. Therefore, we suggest that the lower nitrogen metabolism capacity and expression levels of glutenin synthesis-related genes in HMW-D1a accounted for the lower accumulation of glutenin, GMP, and PBs, thereby weakening the structural‒thermal properties of gluten.

scholarly journals Activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes during germinating sorghum seeds and early seedlings growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-597
Author(s):  
R. Ben Mrid ◽  
R. El Omari ◽  
Y. Bouargalne ◽  
N. El Mourabit ◽  
M. Nhiri
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Metabolism

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilizer Regulated Grain Storage Protein Synthesis and Reduced Chalkiness of Rice Under Actual Field Warming

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqin Wang ◽  
Kailu Wang ◽  
Tongyang Yin ◽  
Yufei Zhao ◽  
Wenzhe Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Storage Protein ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Protein Components

Our previous study has shown that nitrogen plays an important role in dealing with significantly increased chalkiness caused by elevated temperature. However, the role of nitrogen metabolites has not been given sufficient attention, and its regulatory mechanism is not clear. This study investigated the effects of high temperature and nitrogen fertilizer on the synthesis of grain storage protein and further explored the quality mechanism under the actual scenario of field warming. Results showed that increased temperature and nitrogen fertilizer could affect the activities of nitrogen metabolism enzymes, namely, glutamate synthetase, glutamine synthetase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and the expressions of storage protein synthesis factor genes, namely, GluA and GluB, and subfamily genes, namely, pro14, BiP1, and PDIL1, which co-induced the changes of storage protein synthesis in rice grains. Furthermore, the increased temperature changed the balance of grain storage substances which may lead to the significantly increased chalky rate (197.67%) and chalkiness (532.92%). Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between prolamin content and chalkiness, indicating that nitrogen fertilizer might regulate the formation of chalkiness by affecting the synthesis of prolamin. Results suggested that nitrogen application could regulate the related core factors involved in nitrogen metabolism pathways, which, in turn, affects the changes in the storage protein components in the grain and further affects quality. Therefore, as a conventional cultivation measure, nitrogen application would have a certain value in future rice production in response to climate warming.

scholarly journals Changes in Some Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes in Field-Grown Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (43) ◽  
pp. 3237-3245
Author(s):  
Ulduza A Gurbanova ◽  
◽  
Shahniyar M Bayramov ◽  
Novruz M Guliev ◽  
Irada M Huseynova
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Metabolism
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document