scholarly journals Impact of U.S. Oil and Natural Gas Emission Increases on Surface Ozone Is Most Pronounced in the Central United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (19) ◽  
pp. 12423-12433
Author(s):  
Andrea Pozzer ◽  
Martin G. Schultz ◽  
Detlev Helmig
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Natural Gas Emission

CFD analysis of natural gas emission from damaged pipelines: Correlation development for leakage estimation

2018 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 257-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Ebrahimi-Moghadam ◽  
Mahmood Farzaneh-Gord ◽  
Ahmad Arabkoohsar ◽  
Ali Jabari Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Natural Gas Emission

scholarly journals Methane–oxygen electrochemical coupling in an ionic liquid: a robust sensor for simultaneous quantification

The Analyst ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (20) ◽  
pp. 5140-5147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Min Guo ◽  
Gary A. Baker ◽  
Joseph R. Stetter ◽  
Lu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
High Power ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Current Sensor ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Simultaneous Quantification ◽  
Sensor Devices ◽  
Electrochemical Coupling ◽  
Natural Gas Emission

Current sensor devices for the detection of methane or natural gas emission are either expensive and have high power requirements or fail to provide a rapid response.

GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE OIL INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1947

Geophysics ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Eckhardt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
One Year

In 1947 the oil industry of the United States produced 2.011 billion barrels of crude oil and natural‐gas liquids. The same number of barrels of new oil must be discovered in one year if the industry is to maintain its reserves. This provides a measure of the exploration job to be done.

scholarly journals Western Ranching, Trade Policies, and Peak Oil

Rangelands ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry L. Holechek ◽  
Jerry Hawkes ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Peak Oil ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

Skyrocketing trade deficits coupled with depletion of oil and natural gas reserves could make rangeland livestock production essential to food security in the United States.

scholarly journals Contribution of oil and natural gas production to renewed increase in atmospheric methane (2007–2014): top–down estimate from ethane and methane column observations

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 3227-3244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Hausmann ◽  
Ralf Sussmann ◽  
Dan Smale
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Thermogenic Methane

Abstract. Harmonized time series of column-averaged mole fractions of atmospheric methane and ethane over the period 1999–2014 are derived from solar Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements at the Zugspitze summit (47° N, 11° E; 2964 m a.s.l.) and at Lauder (45° S, 170° E; 370 m a.s.l.). Long-term trend analysis reveals a consistent renewed methane increase since 2007 of 6.2 [5.6, 6.9] ppb yr−1 (parts-per-billion per year) at the Zugspitze and 6.0 [5.3, 6.7] ppb yr−1 at Lauder (95 % confidence intervals). Several recent studies provide pieces of evidence that the renewed methane increase is most likely driven by two main factors: (i) increased methane emissions from tropical wetlands, followed by (ii) increased thermogenic methane emissions due to growing oil and natural gas production. Here, we quantify the magnitude of the second class of sources, using long-term measurements of atmospheric ethane as a tracer for thermogenic methane emissions. In 2007, after years of weak decline, the Zugspitze ethane time series shows the sudden onset of a significant positive trend (2.3 [1.8, 2.8]  ×  10−2 ppb yr−1 for 2007–2014), while a negative trend persists at Lauder after 2007 (−0.4 [−0.6, −0.1]  ×  10−2 ppb yr−1). Zugspitze methane and ethane time series are significantly correlated for the period 2007–2014 and can be assigned to thermogenic methane emissions with an ethane-to-methane ratio (EMR) of 12–19 %. We present optimized emission scenarios for 2007–2014 derived from an atmospheric two-box model. From our trend observations we infer a total ethane emission increase over the period 2007–2014 from oil and natural gas sources of 1–11 Tg yr−1 along with an overall methane emission increase of 24–45 Tg yr−1. Based on these results, the oil and natural gas emission contribution (C) to the renewed methane increase is deduced using three different emission scenarios with dedicated EMR ranges. Reference scenario 1 assumes an oil and gas emission combination with EMR  =  7.0–16.2 %, which results in a minimum contribution C  >  39 % (given as lower bound of 95 % confidence interval). Beside this most plausible scenario 1, we consider two less realistic limiting cases of pure oil-related emissions (scenario 2 with EMR  =  16.2–31.4 %) and pure natural gas sources (scenario 3 with EMR  =  4.4–7.0  %), which result in C  >  18 % and C  >  73 %, respectively. Our results suggest that long-term observations of column-averaged ethane provide a valuable constraint on the source attribution of methane emission changes and provide basic knowledge for developing effective climate change mitigation strategies.

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