scholarly journals Substances from Multiple Sources (SMS): The Presence of Multiple Primary and Secondary Sources of Persistent and Mobile Organic Contaminants Is an Upcoming Challenge for the Drinking Water Sector and Regulatory Frameworks

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (19) ◽  
pp. 11061-11062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Nödler ◽  
Marco Scheurer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Multiple Primary

Urban water supply in India: status, reform options and possible lessons

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McKenzie ◽  
Isha Ray
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Large numbers of households in cities around the developing world do not have access to one of the most basic of human needs–a safe and reliable supply of drinking water. This paper uses the experience of India as a lens through which to view the problems of access to water in urban areas and the various options available for reform. Using two sets of data from the National Family Health Survey, as well as published and unpublished secondary sources, the paper presents the status of access to drinking water in urban India, the performance of India's urban water sector compared to other Asian metropolitan regions and the reform efforts that are under way in several Indian cities. A review of these ongoing reforms illustrates some of the political economy challenges involved in reforming the water sector. Based on this analysis, we draw out directions for more effective research, data collection and policy reform. While each country faces unique challenges and opportunities, the scope and range of the Indian experience provides insights and caveats for many low-income nations.

scholarly journals The legal public–private partnership framework and policy implementation in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude Mugurura ◽  
Zwelinzima Ndevu
Keyword(s):  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Key Aspects

Background: This article is based on a multidimensional empirical research study investigating aspects of the suitability of the public–private partnership environment of Uganda for road infrastructure development. The foundation of the article is the implementation of the relationship between existing legal and regulatory frameworks on the ground in Uganda.Aim: Key aspects and realities of the legal and policy frameworks that support public–private partnership, road investment projects and programmes in Uganda are examined from the perspective of a transparent, effective and efficient service delivery.Setting: A brief exposition of Uganda’s historical realities and present challenges, especially in terms of road infrastructure, an introduction of key aspects of the legal and regulatory frameworks is presented.Methods: The research is based on an exploratory research design methodology founded on a thorough literature review, exhaustive documentary analysis of primary and secondary sources and 30 interviews with senior and middle managers in the public and private sectors in Uganda. A semi-structured questionnaire was utilised.Results: The analysis of data was based on a dissection of the policies and systems as foundations of solid implementation, existing legal violations, the local private sector’s present conundrum and capacity gaps, the realities of integrity and corruption and the existing approach of citizens towards the problems and challenges.Conclusion: The lack of integrity in both the private and public sector has serious negative effects on the processes, functions, planning, designing, outputs and outcomes of infrastructure initiatives undertaken.

scholarly journals ANALISIS SEKTOR UNGGULAN DALAM PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Andrew ., Lahama ◽  
Leonardus R. Rengkung ◽  
Eyverson ., Ruauw
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Third ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
North Sulawesi

This study aims to analyze the leading sectors in the absorption of labor and to know the contribution of the leading sector in the absorption of labor in south Minahasa Regency. The research was conducted for two months starting from months January to months Ferbruay 2018. The date used in this study is secondary date obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) South Minahasa Regency. The date is processed using location quotient analysis (LQ) and the date is presented in table and described descriptively. The research results show that the leading sectors in the absorption of labor in South Minahasa Regency are the processing industry sector, electricity, gas and drinking water sector; and agriculture sector. The first sector with the highest average LQ is the processing industry sector with an average value of LQ 2.22. The second seeded sector is the electricity, gas and dringking water sector with an average LQ of 1.50 and the third leading sector is the agricultural sector with an average LQ of 1.23. The processing industry sector, electricity, gas and dringking water sector and agriculture sector become the leading one because it has LQ value more dominant in the absorption of manpower that the sector the same in north sulawesi province.*er*.

scholarly journals Assessing determinants of PPP project performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghu Rama D.T.V. Swamy ◽  
Piyush Tiwari ◽  
Anil Sawhney
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Implementation Models ◽  
Urban Drinking Water ◽  
Project Structure

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors that affect the performance of projects being implemented on the public-private partnership (PPP) framework, with specific reference to urban drinking water sector in India. Design/methodology/approach A listing of factors that have a bearing on project performance have been developed based on a review of the literature. Through a survey, seven factors that are relevant to the Indian context were determined. Interviews were then conducted across a cross-section of government agencies, financial institutions, development agencies, private sector entities and consultants to understand the relative importance of these attributes. The analytical hierarchy process was used to develop relative weights of these factors. Findings Ranking and relative weights of the factors in descending order are stakeholder consent and support for water PPP projects (22.1 percent), appropriate project structure (17.4 percent), availability of realistic baseline information (16.2 percent), reasonable water tariffs (13.9 percent), public sector capacity (13.0 percent), well-developed market (9.5 percent) and water sector regulator (7.9 percent). Differences in perceptions amongst various stakeholder groups were also found. Research limitations/implications Water sector has not matured, and with the advent of newer formats of implementation models, there could be significant changes in the sector. As the number of projects available for study is limited, this exercise can be undertaken periodically and updated in relation to experiences in other infrastructure sectors. Practical implications This analysis provides inputs to policymakers and project proponents for structuring more sustainable urban drinking water PPP projects. Originality/value Indian infrastructure PPP market is attracting increased attention from researchers, though not much emphasis is being given to urban drinking water sector. This paper aims to contribute toward filling this research gap.

Key Determinants of Successful Implementation of IT in International Commercial Bank

2011 ◽  
pp. 130-154
Author(s):  
Tarek Hatem ◽  
Elham Metwally
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
It Implementation ◽  
Cultural Pattern

This research reports the results of a single case study that covers a successful project of IT implementation in International Commercial Bank (ICB) from the Egyptian banking industry. The case highlights leadership actions, as well as other related factors regarding effectiveness of IT implementation that are linked to strategic competitiveness and value creation. Multiple sources of data were used. Primary sources include in-depth interviews in semi-structured format with industry authorities, IT and retail banking managers, and the bank’s executives in general; whereas, secondary sources of data include annual reports, website information, and financial statements. Findings show that successful implementation was influenced by the interplay of several management practices, which eventually, had an impact on strategic competitiveness through their impact on some in-house attributes; notably, a dominating constructive cultural pattern leading to higher levels of organizational commitment, and the bank’s value chain.

Augmenting Medical Decision Making With Text-Based Search of Teaching File Repositories and Medical Ontologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Deshpande ◽  
Alexander Rasin ◽  
Eli T Brown ◽  
Jacob Furst ◽  
Steven M. Montner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Snomed Ct ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Teaching Files ◽  
Teaching Cases ◽  
Radiology Image

Teaching files are widely used by radiologists in the diagnostic process and for student education. Most hospitals maintain an active collection of teaching files for internal purposes, but many teaching files are also publicly available online, some linked to secondary sources. However, public sources offer very limited (and ad-hoc) search capabilities. Based on the previous work on data integration and text-based search, the authors extended their Integrated Radiology Image Search (IRIS 1.1) engine with a new medical ontology, SNOMED CT, and the ICD10 dictionary. IRIS 1.1 integrates public data sources and applies query expansion with exact and partial matches to find relevant teaching files. Using a set of 28 representative queries from multiple sources, the search engine finds more relevant teaching cases versus other publicly available search engines.

scholarly journals Passive seismic event estimation using multiscattering waveform inversion

Geophysics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. KS59-KS69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Song ◽  
Zedong Wu ◽  
Tariq Alkhalifah
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Source Image ◽  
Time Inversion ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Origin Time ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Passive Seismic

Passive seismic monitoring has become an effective method to understand underground processes. Time-reversal-based methods are often used to locate passive seismic events directly. However, these kinds of methods are strongly dependent on the accuracy of the velocity model. Full-waveform inversion (FWI) has been used on passive seismic data to invert the velocity model and source image, simultaneously. However, waveform inversion of passive seismic data uses mainly the transmission energy, which results in poor illumination and low resolution. We developed a waveform inversion using multiscattered energy for passive seismic to extract more information from the data than conventional FWI. Using transmission wavepath information from single- and double-scattering, computed from a predicted scatterer field acting as secondary sources, our method provides better illumination of the velocity model than conventional FWI. Using a new objective function, we optimized the source image and velocity model, including multiscattered energy, simultaneously. Because we conducted our method in the frequency domain with a complex source function including spatial and wavelet information, we mitigate the uncertainties of the source wavelet and source origin time. Inversion results from the Marmousi model indicate that by taking advantage of multiscattered energy and starting from a reasonably acceptable frequency (a single source at 3 Hz and multiple sources at 5 Hz), our method yields better inverted velocity models and source images compared with conventional FWI.

scholarly journals Examining the Economics of Affordability Through Water Diaries in Coastal Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia F. Hoque ◽  
Robert Hope
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Nationally Representative

Monitoring affordability of drinking water services is constrained by data gaps from traditional approaches that rely on cross-sectional data from infrequent, nationally representative surveys. Estimates of income or expenditure ratios spent on accessing a main source of drinking water are poorly equipped to reflect affordability in rural contexts where poor people often resort to multiple sources of varying costs, quality and distance to cope with unreliable or absent water supplies. Here, we present findings from an 18-week water diary study that documented daily water choices and expenditures of a stratified sample of 120 households in coastal Bangladesh. This intensive, longitudinal monitoring is supported by household surveys, water infrastructure mapping, hydrogeological analysis of salinity, automated rainfall measurements and interviews with diary participants. We identify five water expenditure typologies, ranging from those who always rely on unpaid and often poor-quality sources like shallow tubewells, pond sand filters and rainwater, to those who purchase vended water for drinking and cooking all year-round, spending 3–7% of total household expenditure. These behavioral dynamics are shaped by environmental, infrastructure and cultural factors, with household wealth being a weak indicator of behavior. We conclude that affordability measures should recognize the quality of service available and chosen by users across seasons, rather than being fixated on income or expenditure ratios for a main source. Measuring the latter without considering the former impedes the design of service delivery models appropriate for providing safe and reliable water supplies, at costs that users and society are willing to bear and sustain.

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