scholarly journals Spatially Explicit Large-Scale Environmental Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in Surface Water in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 2559-2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Jason Snape ◽  
Kevin Jones ◽  
Andrew Sweetman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatially Explicit

scholarly journals Beyond limits – the pitfalls of global gene drives for environmental risk assessment in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Dolezel ◽  
Christoph Lüthi ◽  
Helmut Gaugitsch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Gene Drive ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Definition Of

Gene drive organisms (GDOs) have been suggested as approaches to combat some of the most pressing environmental and public health issues. No such organisms have so far been released into the environment, but it remains unclear whether the relevant regulatory provisions will be fit for purpose to cover their potential environmental, human and animal health risks if environmental releases of GDOs are envisaged. We evaluate the novel features of GDOs and outline the resulting challenges for the environmental risk assessment. These are related to the definition of the receiving environment, the use of the comparative approach, the definition of potential harm, the stepwise testing approach, the assessment of long-term and large-scale risks at population and ecosystem level and the post-release monitoring of adverse effects. Fundamental adaptations as well as the development of adequate risk assessment methodologies are needed in order to enable an operational risk assessment for globally spreading GDOs before these organisms are released into environments in the EU.

Occurrence and environmental risk assessment of PAEs in Weihe River near Xi'an City, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 948-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Guo ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xudong Wang ◽  
Hanli Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Weihe River ◽  
Weihe River Basin

The occurrence and distribution of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in surface water of the Weihe River basin (eight mainstream sampling points and 15 tributary sampling points) in the Shaanxi section were investigated during the dry season, level period (spring), wet season and level period (autumn). The PAEs tested for were diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The testing proceeded by millipore filtration, then solid phase extraction and then gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination for all examined PAEs. The monitoring results indicated that, in terms of seasonal changes, concentration of the PAEs in the mainstream is: Dry season > Level period (spring) > Wet season ≈ Level period (autumn). An environmental risk assessment was then performed on PAE pollution levels of the Weihe River basin. This paper employed a risk assessment methodology to evaluate the potential adverse health effects of the individual PAE compounds according to their carcinogenicities. For DEP, DBP and DEHP, a low Risk Index (all of them were lower than the specified level of 1.0) reveals that small non-carcinogenic risks exist resulting from the presence of trace concentrations in the surface water of the Weihe River basin.

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