High-Resolution Data Sets Unravel the Effects of Sources and Meteorological Conditions on Nitrate and Its Gas-Particle Partitioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 3048-3057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xurong Shi ◽  
Athanasios Nenes ◽  
Zhimei Xiao ◽  
Shaojie Song ◽  
Haofei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Resolution Data

scholarly journals Quantitative 3D imaging of the cranial microvascular environment at single-cell resolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra N. Rindone ◽  
Xiaonan Liu ◽  
Stephanie Farhat ◽  
Alexander Perdomo-Pantoja ◽  
Timothy F. Witham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Bone Biology ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Resolution Data

AbstractVascularization is critical for skull development, maintenance, and healing. Yet, there remains a significant knowledge gap in the relationship of blood vessels to cranial skeletal progenitors during these processes. Here, we introduce a quantitative 3D imaging platform to enable the visualization and analysis of high-resolution data sets (>100 GB) throughout the entire murine calvarium. Using this technique, we provide single-cell resolution 3D maps of vessel phenotypes and skeletal progenitors in the frontoparietal cranial bones. Through these high-resolution data sets, we demonstrate that CD31hiEmcnhi vessels are spatially correlated with both Osterix+ and Gli1+ skeletal progenitors during postnatal growth, healing, and stimulated remodeling, and are concentrated at transcortical canals and osteogenic fronts. Interestingly, we find that this relationship is weakened in mice with a conditional knockout of PDGF-BB in TRAP+ osteoclasts, suggesting a potential role for osteoclasts in maintaining the native cranial microvascular environment. Our findings provide a foundational framework for understanding how blood vessels and skeletal progenitors spatially interact in cranial bone, and will enable more targeted studies into the mechanisms of skull disease pathologies and treatments. Additionally, our technique can be readily adapted to study numerous cell types and investigate other elusive phenomena in cranial bone biology.

scholarly journals Paired refinement under the control of PAIREF

IUCrJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-692
Author(s):  
Martin Malý ◽  
Kay Diederichs ◽  
Jan Dohnálek ◽  
Petr Kolenko
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Structure Refinement ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
New Feature ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resolution Data

Crystallographic resolution is a key characteristic of diffraction data and represents one of the first decisions an experimenter has to make in data evaluation. Conservative approaches to the high-resolution cutoff determination are based on a number of criteria applied to the processed X-ray diffraction data only. However, high-resolution data that are weaker than arbitrary cutoffs can still result in the improvement of electron-density maps and refined structure models. Therefore, the impact of reflections from resolution shells higher than those previously used in conservative structure refinement should be analysed by the paired refinement protocol. For this purpose, a tool called PAIREF was developed to provide automation of this protocol. As a new feature, a complete cross-validation procedure has also been implemented. Here, the design, usage and control of the program are described, and its application is demonstrated on six data sets. The results prove that the inclusion of high-resolution data beyond the conventional criteria can lead to more accurate structure models.

scholarly journals ASCAT Wind Superobbing Based on Feature Box

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Boheng Duan ◽  
Weimin Zhang ◽  
Haijin Dai
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Error Characteristic ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Correlated Error ◽  
Meteorological Features ◽  
Resolution Data

Redundant observations impose a computational burden on an operational data assimilation system, and assimilation using high-resolution satellite observation data sets at full resolution leads to poorer analyses and forecasts than lower resolution data sets, since high-resolution data may introduce correlated error in the assimilation. Thus, it is essential to thin the observations to alleviate these problems. Superobbing like other data thinning methods lowers the effect of correlated error by reducing the data density. Besides, it has the added advantage of reducing the uncorrelated error through averaging. However, thinning method using averaging could lead to the loss of some meteorological features, especially in extreme weather conditions. In this paper, we offer a new superobbing method which takes into consideration the meteorological features. The new method shows very good error characteristic, and the numerical simulation experiment of typhoon “Lionrock” (2016) shows that it has a positive impact on the analysis and forecast compared to the traditional superobbing.

Charge density of (−)-strychnine from 100 to 15 K, a comparison of four data sets

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Messerschmidt ◽  
Stephan Scheins ◽  
Peter Luger
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Charge Densities ◽  
Topological Parameters ◽  
Excellent Quality ◽  
Density Study ◽  
Resolution Data ◽  
Better Than

Strychnine has an interesting oligocyclic structure of seven condensed rings. It is easy to crystallize and gives crystals of excellent quality which diffract nicely to high regions in reciprocal space. It was thus chosen for a comparative charge-density study based on four high-resolution data sets (sin θ/λ ≥ 1.15 Å−1) that were measured with different experimental setups in the temperature range 100–15 K. In addition, a theoretical charge density was derived from a B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) calculation. The agreement expressed in bond topological parameters among the four experimental charge densities is better than between experiment and theory.

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