scholarly journals Nighttime Chemical Transformation in Biomass Burning Plumes: A Box Model Analysis Initialized with Aircraft Observations

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 2529-2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary C. J. Decker ◽  
Kyle J. Zarzana ◽  
Matthew Coggon ◽  
Kyung-Eun Min ◽  
Ilana Pollack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Transformation ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Aircraft Observations

Effects of atmospheric transformations of the organic fraction of biomass burning aerosol on the radiative forcing: a box model analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor B. Konovalov ◽  
Nikolai A. Golovushkin ◽  
Tatyana B. Zhuravleva ◽  
Ilmir M. Nastrdinov ◽  
Daria A. Lvova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Biomass Burning Aerosol

scholarly journals OH-chemistry of non-methane organic gases (NMOG) emitted from laboratory and ambient biomass burning smoke: evaluating the influence of furans and oxygenated aromatics on ozone and secondary NMOG formation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Coggon ◽  
Christoper Y. Lim ◽  
Abigail R. Koss ◽  
Kanako Sekimoto ◽  
Bin Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Proton Transfer Reaction ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Organic Gases ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract. Chamber oxidation experiments conducted at the Fire Sciences Laboratory in 2016 are evaluated to identify important chemical processes contributing to the OH chemistry of biomass burning non-methane organic gases (NMOG). Based on the decay of primary carbon measured by proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS), it is confirmed that furans and oxygenated aromatics are among the NMOG emitted from western United States fuel types with the highest reactivities towards OH. The oxidation processes and formation of secondary NMOG masses measured by PTR-ToF-MS and iodide clustering time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometry (I-CIMS) is interpreted using a box model employing a modified version of the Master Chemical Mechanism (v. 3.3.1) that includes the OH oxidation of furan, 2-methylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran, furfural, 5-methylfurfural, and guaiacol. The model supports the assignment of major PTR-ToF-MS and I-CIMS signals to a series of anhydrides and hydroxy furanones formed primarily through furan chemistry. This mechanism is applied to a Lagrangian box model used previously to model a real biomass burning plume. The updated mechanism reproduces the decay of furans and oxygenated aromatics and the formation of secondary NMOG, such as maleic anhydride. Based on model simulations conducted with and without furans, it is estimated that furans contributed up to 10 % of ozone and over 90 % of maleic anhydride formed within the first 4 hours of oxidation. It is shown that maleic anhydride is present in a biomass burning plume transported over several days, which demonstrates the utility of anhydrides as tracers for aged biomass burning plumes.

scholarly journals Potential and timescales for oxygen depletion in coastal upwelling systems: A box‐model analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 3202-3227 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Harrison ◽  
B. Hales ◽  
S. Siedlecki ◽  
R. M. Samelson
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Box Model

scholarly journals Biomass burning emission inventory with daily resolution: Application to aircraft observations of Asian outflow

2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (D21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette L. Heald ◽  
Daniel J. Jacob ◽  
Paul I. Palmer ◽  
Mathew J. Evans ◽  
Glen W. Sachse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Aircraft Observations

scholarly journals Regional influence of wildfires on aerosol chemistry in the western US and insights into atmospheric aging of biomass burning organic aerosol

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 2477-2493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Zhou ◽  
Sonya Collier ◽  
Daniel A. Jaffe ◽  
Nicole L. Briggs ◽  
Jonathan Hee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Chemical Transformation ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Western Us ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) is one of the most important contributors to atmospheric aerosols on a global scale, and wildfires are a large source of emissions that impact regional air quality and global climate. As part of the Biomass Burning Observation Project (BBOP) field campaign in summer 2013, we deployed a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS) coupled with a thermodenuder at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO, ∼  2.8 km above sea level) to characterize the impact of wildfire emissions on aerosol loading and properties in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. MBO represents a remote background site in the western US, and it is frequently influenced by transported wildfire plumes during summer. Very clean conditions were observed at this site during periods without BB influence where the 5 min average (±1σ) concentration of non-refractory submicron aerosols (NR-PM1) was 3.7 ± 4.2 µg m−3. Aerosol concentration increased substantially (reaching up to 210 µg m−3 of NR-PM1) for periods impacted by transported BB plumes, and aerosol composition was overwhelmingly organic. Based on positive matrix factorization (PMF) of the HR-AMS data, three types of BB organic aerosol (BBOA) were identified, including a fresh, semivolatile BBOA-1 (O ∕ C  =  0.35; 20 % of OA mass) that correlated well with ammonium nitrate; an intermediately oxidized BBOA-2 (O ∕ C  =  0.60; 17 % of OA mass); and a highly oxidized BBOA-3 (O ∕ C  =  1.06; 31 % of OA mass) that showed very low volatility with only  ∼  40 % mass loss at 200 °C. The remaining 32 % of the OA mass was attributed to a boundary layer (BL) oxygenated OA (BL-OOA; O ∕ C  =  0.69) representing OA influenced by BL dynamics and a low-volatility oxygenated OA (LV-OOA; O ∕ C  =  1.09) representing regional aerosols in the free troposphere. The mass spectrum of BBOA-3 resembled that of LV-OOA and had negligible contributions from the HR-AMS BB tracer ions – C2H4O2+ (m∕z = 60.021) and C3H5O2+ (m∕z = 73.029); nevertheless, it was unambiguously related to wildfire emissions. This finding highlights the possibility that the influence of BB emission could be underestimated in regional air masses where highly oxidized BBOA (e.g., BBOA-3) might be a significant aerosol component but where primary BBOA tracers, such as levoglucosan, are depleted. We also examined OA chemical evolution for persistent BB plume events originating from a single fire source and found that longer solar radiation led to higher mass fraction of the chemically aged BBOA-2 and BBOA-3 and more oxidized aerosol. However, an analysis of the enhancement ratios of OA relative to CO (ΔOA ∕ΔCO) showed little difference between BB plumes transported primarily at night versus during the day, despite evidence of substantial chemical transformation in OA induced by photooxidation. These results indicate negligible net OA production in photochemically aged wildfire plumes observed in this study, for which a possible reason is that SOA formation was almost entirely balanced by BBOA volatilization. Nevertheless, the formation and chemical transformation of BBOA during atmospheric transport can significantly influence downwind sites with important implications for health and climate.

Observations and box model analysis of radon-222 in the atmospheric surface layer at L’Aquila, Italy: March 2009 case study

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 2353-2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pitari ◽  
Eleonora Coppari ◽  
Natalia De Luca ◽  
Piero Di Carlo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Atmospheric Surface Layer ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Box Model

Exploring potential drivers of European biomass burning over the Holocene: a data-model analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1248-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Molinari ◽  
Veiko Lehsten ◽  
Richard H. W. Bradshaw ◽  
Mitchell J. Power ◽  
Peter Harmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
The Holocene

scholarly journals Four-dimensional variational inversion of black carbon emissions during ARCTAS-CARB with WRFDA-Chem

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 7605-7633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Guerrette ◽  
Daven K. Henze
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Variance Reduction ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Aircraft Observations

Abstract. Biomass burning emissions of atmospheric aerosols, including black carbon, are growing due to increased global drought, and comprise a large source of uncertainty in regional climate and air quality studies. We develop and apply new incremental four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) capabilities in WRFDA-Chem to find optimal spatially and temporally distributed biomass burning (BB) and anthropogenic black carbon (BC) aerosol emissions. The constraints are provided by aircraft BC concentrations from the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites in collaboration with the California Air Resources Board (ARCTAS-CARB) field campaign and surface BC concentrations from the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environment (IMPROVE) network on 22, 23, and 24 June 2008. We consider three BB inventories, including Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN) v1.0 and v1.5 and Quick Fire Emissions Database (QFED) v2.4r8. On 22 June, aircraft observations are able to reduce the spread between a customized QFED inventory and FINNv1.0 from a factor of 3. 5 ( × 3. 5) to only × 2. 1. On 23 and 24 June, the spread is reduced from × 3. 4 to × 1. 4. The posterior corrections to emissions are heterogeneous in time and space, and exhibit similar spatial patterns of sign for both inventories. The posterior diurnal BB patterns indicate that multiple daily emission peaks might be warranted in specific regions of California. The US EPA's 2005 National Emissions Inventory (NEI05) is used as the anthropogenic prior. On 23 and 24 June, the coastal California posterior is reduced by × 2, where highway sources dominate, while inland sources are increased near Barstow by × 5. Relative BB emission variances are reduced from the prior by up to 35 % in grid cells close to aircraft flight paths and by up to 60 % for fires near surface measurements. Anthropogenic variance reduction is as high as 40 % and is similarly limited to sources close to observations. We find that the 22 June aircraft observations are able to constrain approximately 14 degrees of freedom of signal (DOF), while surface and aircraft observations together on 23/24 June constrain 23 DOF. Improving hourly- to daily-scale concentration predictions of BC and other aerosols during BB events will require more comprehensive and/or targeted measurements and a more complete accounting of sources of error besides the emissions.

scholarly journals Impact of the Atmospheric Photochemical Evolution of the Organic Component of Biomass Burning Aerosol on Its Radiative Forcing Efficiency: A Box Model Analysis

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1555
Author(s):  
Tatiana B. Zhuravleva ◽  
Ilmir M. Nasrtdinov ◽  
Igor B. Konovalov ◽  
Nikolai A. Golovushkin ◽  
Matthias Beekmann
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Organic Component ◽  
Asymmetry Factor ◽  
Aerosol Radiative Forcing ◽  
Simulation Results

We present the first box model simulation results aimed at identification of possible effects of the atmospheric photochemical evolution of the organic component of biomass burning (BB) aerosol on the aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) and its efficiency (ARFE). The simulations of the dynamics of the optical characteristics of the organic aerosol (OA) were performed using a simple parameterization developed within the volatility basis set framework and adapted to simulate the multiday BB aerosol evolution in idealized isolated smoke plumes from Siberian fires (without dilution). Our results indicate that the aerosol optical depth can be used as a good proxy for studying the effect of the OA evolution on the ARF, but variations in the scattering and absorbing properties of BB aerosol can also affect its radiative effects, as evidenced by variations in the ARFE. Changes in the single scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetry factor, which occur as a result of the BB OA photochemical evolution, may either reduce or enhance the ARFE as a result of their competing effects, depending on the initial concentration OA, the ratio of black carbon to ОА mass concentrations and the aerosol photochemical age in a complex way. Our simulation results also reveal that (1) the ARFE at the top of the atmosphere is not significantly affected by the OA oxidation processes compared to the ARFE at the bottom of the atmosphere, and (2) the dependence of ARFE in the atmospheric column and on the BB aerosol photochemical ages almost mirrors the corresponding dependence of SSA.

scholarly journals Box model analysis of bacterial fluxes in the St. Lawrence Estuary

1987 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Painchaud ◽  
D Lefaivre ◽  
J-C Therriault
Keyword(s):  
Model Analysis ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary
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