Distributions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and Trace Metals in Arctic Aerosols: Long-Range Atmospheric Transport, Photochemical Degradation/Production at Polar Sunrise

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (16) ◽  
pp. 8992-9004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Kimitaka Kawamura ◽  
Ayako Yanase ◽  
Leonard A. Barrie
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Photochemical Degradation ◽  
Aromatic Ketones ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Contamination of Antarctic snow by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dominated by combustion sources in the polar region

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Kukučka ◽  
Gerhard Lammel ◽  
Alice Dvorská ◽  
Jana Klánová ◽  
Andrea Möller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Combustion Sources

Environmental context Is long-range transport from populated and industrialised areas to blame for pollution of remote regions? We report that, for the world's most remote region, Antarctica, and one prominent class of global pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, long-range transport from other continents has not contributed significantly to recent snow contamination. Rather, the major sources are regional scientific stations and ocean transport, mostly tourism. Abstract Firn samples attributed to the period between 2002 and 2005 were collected from a snow pit on the Ekström Shelf Ice in the Weddell Sea (70°43.8′S, 8°25.1′W). Low-volume meltwater samples (5 mL) were extracted by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The recovery of the analytical method for the 4–6 ring PAHs was low. PAH concentrations in snow were found within the range of 26–197 ng L–1. The most prevailing substances were determined to be naphthalene, 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene and phenanthrene, with naphthalene accounting for an overall mean of 82% of total PAH. Potential emission sources of PAHs in snow were studied using back-trajectory statistics and available emission data of combustion sources in and around Antarctica. The distance to the sources (ships and research stations) in this region was found to control the snow PAH concentrations. There was no indication for intercontinental transport or marine sources.

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