scholarly journals Reducing Freshwater Toxicity while Maintaining Weed Control, Profits, And Productivity: Effects of Increased Crop Rotation Diversity and Reduced Herbicide Usage

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 1707-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie D. Hunt ◽  
Jason D. Hill ◽  
Matt Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Freshwater Toxicity

scholarly journals THE BUCKWHEAT ROLE IN CROP ROTATION AND WEED CONTROL IN THIS SOWINGS IN LONG TERM TRIAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Andris Lejiņš ◽  
Biruta Lejiņa
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Term Trial ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Yield Decrease ◽  
Research Institute

Buckwheat research has been carried out within the long-term crop rotation stationary that was established in 1969 as a part of the Research institute of Agriculture. Buckwheat proportion within the partcular crop rotations went up to 22%. The highest buckwheat yields were obtained from the buckwheat variants that where cultivated after winter rye, and within the buckwheat monoculture experimental plots. A considerable yield decrease was observed when cultivating buckwheat after potatoes. Weeds in the buckwheat sowing were effectively brought under control by the herbicide Butisane 400 (1.5 l ha-1), applied immediately after sowing and Betanal AM 2.5 l ha-1 after seedling in 2-3 leaves stage.

scholarly journals Combined effect of crop rotation and carabid beetles on weed dynamics in arable fields

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reto Schmucki ◽  
David A. Bohan ◽  
Michael J.O. Pocock
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Predation Pressure ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Seed Eating ◽  
Weed Dynamics

AbstractWeed management is a resource-intensive practice in arable agriculture, with direct and long-term impacts on both productivity and biodiversity (e.g. plant, pollinators and farmland wildlife). In conventional systems, weed control relies on crop management and herbicide inputs, but for more sustainable production systems, use of herbicides needs to be reduced. This requires a good understanding of the processes that regulate arable weed dynamics in arable fields.We adopted a systems framework to understand and model interacting components that drive the weed dynamics in 168 arable fields. Within this framework, we built a structural equation model (SEM) to quantify the direct and indirect effects of crop rotation (i.e. crops in the previous three years and the current year) and carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) on weed density, seed abundance and accumulation in the seedbank. We included results from a mechanistic approach to infer interactions between seed-feeding carabid beetles and seeds to estimate predation pressure in each field.Our results show that weeds in arable fields are regulated by crop type, sowing season, and activity density of carabid beetles. We found a direct effect of crop rotation, including both past and current field management practice, on weed abundance in the field and its seedbank. There was also an indirect effect of crops on weed seed accumulation in the seedbank via the effect of seed-eating carabid beetles. The efficiency of weed control by carabid beetles depended on the cumulative predation pressure, which indicates the importance of functional diversity as well as abundance.Farmers and agronomists can capitalise on the ecosystem services provided by carabid beetles by adapting agronomic practices and crop rotation to maintain a rich fauna of seed-eating carabids in fields and potentially across the agricultural landscapes. When integrated with rotational management practices, this ecosystem services can improve the efficiency of weed management and contribute to the sustainability of cropping systems.

scholarly journals The weeds in root vegetables and possibilities of their control

Biljni lekar ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 646-653
Author(s):  
Bojan Konstantinović ◽  
Milena Popov ◽  
Nataša Samardžić ◽  
Tijana Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Weed Resistance ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Root Vegetables

The limited number of permitted herbicides for the application in the crops of carrots, red beet, celery and parsnip, as well as the diversity of weeds occurring in these crops, make the successful weed control difficult, due to which the appli-cation of preventive measures is necessary to reduce the number of weeds in the fields during the vegetation as much as possible. The preventive measures include the use of mulch, as well as the application of the crop rotation. Currently, for the application in carrots several herbicides based on active substances pendimethalin, clethodim and propaquizafop have been registered:, for the application in red beets one herbicide based on metamitrone has been registered, while in case of parsnip and celery there are no registered herbicides in our country. Considering the grow-ing problem of the weed resistance to the herbicide, it is significant to recognize the necessity for the application of antiresistance strategy which encompasses: the rotation of herbicides with different modes of action, the minimum herbicides application, as well as the crop rotation.

scholarly journals Oilseed and protein crops grown in French organic farms: an overview of cultivation practices for sunflower and soybean

OCL ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Cécile Le Gall ◽  
Vincent Lecomte ◽  
Dominique Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Conventional Systems

The development of organic agriculture in France was steady since 2010 but became stronger since 2014. Like other crops, the cultivated areas of organic soybean and sunflower doubled from 2014 to 2018. With a view to better characterize cultural practices in organic production, Terres Inovia and ITAB (in collaboration with Agence Bio) conducted in 2016 and 2017 a national farmers’ survey. These surveys reveal that sunflower was mainly cultivated over the same types of soil than in conventional production but were integrated in more diversified rotations. The main differences between organic and conventional systems concern sowing date and weed control. Organic sunflower was sown very lately compared to conventional one, which impacted the yield severely. Weed were controlled through ploughing, mechanical weeding and crop rotation and weed control was judged as satisfying by a major part of producers. Concerning soybean, a great difference is the use of irrigation which is almost systematic in conventional but concerned only 50% of cultivated area in organic production. Contrary to sunflower, soybean is integrated in short crop rotation, particularly when it was irrigated. This demonstrated the high profitability of soybean in organic systems. Like for sunflower, weed control done through ploughing, mechanical weeding, and crop rotation and weed control was also judged satisfying; nevertheless, criteria on harvest impurities are more severe and to respect them, organic farmers also use hand weeding in complement. These surveys will be reconducted over the years to be able to follow the changes of cultural practices over the years.

A look forward.

2022 ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
Graham Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Pesticide Application

Abstract This chapter focuses on different management practices in growing cotton, including the use of genetically modified varieties, pesticide application, crop rotation, spacing, irrigation, weed control, integrated pest management and organic farming.

scholarly journals Varying tillage promotes weed diversity, while a perennial alfalfa–grass mixture promotes weed control in an organic tillage system experiment in Germany

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Meike Grosse ◽  
Thorsten Haase ◽  
Jürgen Heß
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Weed Cover ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Tillage Method

Abstract In organic farming the control of perennial weed species, in particular Cirsium arvense, can be a major concern for farmers, especially if there is no regulation through perennial forage production. To test whether the stubble cleaner (SC), an enhanced skim plow (PL), is as effective in the control of C. arvense and other weeds as conventional ploughing and perennial forage production, an organic field experiment was established. Three different tillage/crop rotation systems were compared: an SC system and a PL system, both in a cereal-based crop rotation and an additional PL system in a crop rotation that included a perennial alfalfa–grass mixture (PLALF). In the SC system, tillage was carried out solely with the SC, while in the PL and PLALF systems, ploughing was alternated with chiseling. In the fifth year, each main plot was divided into subplots, and seven different cover crop treatments were integrated into each of the three systems. The effects of the three systems and the cover crop treatments on weed cover and density, weed biomass, and weed diversity in the sixth and seventh year of the experiment are the subjects of this paper. The choice of cover crop species was of minor importance for weed control. The PLALF system was generally more effective in controlling C. arvense than the PL and SC systems. No significant differences between the PL and SC systems regarding the control of C. arvense could be identified in four of five assessments. The SC system had significantly higher total weed density than the PLALF and PL systems in both years. However, the differences in weed emergence between the PL and SC systems diminished until the assessment of weed cover and biomass in the main crops, when no significant differences between these two systems (2012) or no differences at all (2013) could be identified. Species richness was not significantly influenced by the tillage/crop rotation system in both years. Evenness and Shannon–Wiener index were significantly higher in the PLALF and PL systems than in the SC system on most assessment dates in 2012. In 2013 there was no clear trend regarding evenness and Shannon-Wiener index probably due to a hoeing operation.. In conclusion, for weed control, the choice of crop rotation was more important than the choice of tillage method, while for the diversity of the weed community, the choice of tillage method was more important than the crop rotation.

scholarly journals Types and quantities of weeds found in corn fields and the effect of herbicides on grain yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 04041
Author(s):  
Nilufar Turdiyeva ◽  
Zulaykho Umarova ◽  
Nazokat Sayfullaeva ◽  
Dilnura Togaeva ◽  
Shakrizoda Bahodirova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Complete Eradication ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Corn Fields ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Technical Measures

Agrotechnical measures and crop rotation also do not ensure complete eradication of weeds. Therefore, it is necessary to use herbicides. Mapping by type and quantity of weeds grown among agricultural crops should be carried out in all crop rotation fields and herbicides should be applied on this basis, i.e. it is important to choose one or another herbicide based on the study of the composition and amount of weeds grown in fields. In the cultivation of corn in Uzbekistan, first of all, it should be aimed at obtaining high yields from its grain. To do this, it is necessary to use all available agro-technical measures. In modern intensive farming, weed control, which is common among agricultural crops, is a key measure.

Effects of crop rotation and field management methods on weed density and species composition in the southeastern part of Latvia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Jevgenija Ņečajeva ◽  
Zane Mintāle ◽  
Ieva Dudele ◽  
Anda Isoda-Krasovska ◽  
Jolanta Čūrišķe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Field Management

<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-GB">Integrated weed management (IWM) is a complex approach to weed control that is based on use of several different methods complementing each other, instead of relying on one single method, like chemical weed control. Weed control methods that can be used as parts of IWM strategy include mechanical weed control, application of herbicides, low tillage, changes in the rate and application time of fertilizers, use of undersown crops and crop rotation. Weed surveys were carried out in 2013 and 2014 in the southeastern part of Latvia. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of crop rotation and other field management practices on weed density and weed species composition using the data collected in the surveys. Survey was carried out in the arable fields of conventional farms within four different size categories. One of the significant factors that explained the variation of weed composition within a field was a proportion of cereals in crop rotation within a four year period. Further surveys are required to estimate the effects of climatic variables. Density-dependence can also be important for practical management decisions for particular weed species and should be investigated.</span></p>

Effect of Two Different Nozzle Arrangements on Control of Carrot Weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte), in Processing Carrots

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Gerald M. Ghidiu ◽  
Erin Hitchner ◽  
Melissa Zimmerman ◽  
Elwood Rossell
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Listronotus Oregonensis ◽  
Carrot Weevil ◽  
Extension Center

Field studies were conducted during 2004-2005 at the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Bridgeton, NJ to determine the effect of two different nozzle arrangements on the control of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte), in processing carrots (Daucus carota L.). Two drop nozzles per row directed at the base of the plant resulted in significantly fewer damaged carrots caused by carrot weevil feeding each year as compared with a single nozzle centered as a 15.2-cm band located 30.5 cm over the row. However, carrot weevil damage to carrots was high each year in all treatments even during and after multiple pesticide applications, suggesting that growers need to use other management tactics with their spray program. Crop rotation, weed control, and planting date may be as important as pesticide selection and application for effective management of the carrot weevil. Accepted for publication 7 February 2006. Published 3 April 2006.

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