Effect of Ocean Acidification on Organic and Inorganic Speciation of Trace Metals

Anthony Stockdale; Edward Tipping; Stephen Lofts; Robert J. G. Mortimer

doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b05624

Interactive effects of metal pollution and ocean acidification on physiology of marine organisms

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/czoolo/61.4.653 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 653-668 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Anna V. Ivanina ◽

Inna M. Sokolova

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Ocean Acidification ◽

Elevated Co2 ◽

Marine Ecosystems ◽

Marine Organisms ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Future Research ◽

Acid Base ◽

Physiological Basis ◽

Physiological Functions

Abstract Changes in the global environment such as ocean acidification (OA) may interact with anthropogenic pollutants including trace metals threatening the integrity of marine ecosystems. We analyze recent studies on the interactive effects of OA and trace metals on marine organisms with a focus on the physiological basis of these interactions. Our analysis shows that the responses to elevated CO2 and metals are strongly dependent on the species, developmental stage, metal biochemistry and the degree of environmental hypercapnia, and cannot be directly predicted from the CO2-induced changes in metal solubility and speciation. The key physiological functions affected by both the OA and trace metal exposures involve acid-base regulation, protein turnover and mitochondrial bioenergetics, reflecting the sensitivity of the underlying molecular and cellular pathways to CO2and metals. Physiological interactions between elevated CO2 and metals may impact the organisms’ capacity to maintain acid-base homeostasis and reduce the amount of energy available for fitness-related functions such as growth, development and reproduction thereby affecting survival and performance of estuarine populations. Environmental hypercapnia may also affect the marine food webs by altering predator-prey interactions and the trophic transfer of metals in the food chain. However, our understanding of the degree to which these effects can impact the function and integrity of marine ecosystems is limited due the scarcity of the published research and its bias towards certain taxonomic groups. Future research priorities should include studies of metal x PCO2 interactions focusing on critical physiological functions (including acid-base, protein and energy homeostasis) in a greater range of ecologically and economically important marine species, as well as including the field populations naturally exposed (and potentially adapted) to different levels of metals and CO2 in their environments.

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Chemical modeling of marine trace metals: Effects of ocean acidification to marine ecosystem

2011 Seventh International Conference on Natural Computation ◽

10.1109/icnc.2011.6022426 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katsumi Hirose

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Ocean Acidification ◽

Marine Ecosystem ◽

Chemical Modeling

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Dissolved trace metal speciation in the Manuherikia River, Central Otago, New Zealand

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf9921381 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 1381 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

DJ Hawke ◽

KA Hunter

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Metal Speciation ◽

Ionic Interactions ◽

Ion Composition ◽

River Temperature ◽

Poor Indicator ◽

Free Ion ◽

Ion Activity ◽

Ion Activities ◽

Inorganic Speciation

The inorganic speciation of the trace metals Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn and Pb has been calculated for the pristine, subalpine Manuherikia River. Temperature, pH, ionic strength and major-ion composition were found to be important controls on the free-ion activity of trace metals. Metal -CO3-2 species were the most important complexes for Pb, Cu and Ni. The metal-HCO3- species was most important for Cd, and Zn was intermediate. Ni, Zn and Cd were present mainly as the free divalent ion, whereas Pb (up to 81% complexed) and Cu (up to 70% complexed) were strongly affected by ionic interactions. Free-ion activities of Cu2+ and Pb2+ were essentially constant along the length of the river despite significant increases in total dissolved-metal concentrations. Thus, for these metal ions, total dissolved concentrations are a poor indicator of biological availability.

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Effects of ocean acidification on toxicity of two trace metals in two marine molluscs in their early life stages

Aquaculture Environment Interactions ◽

10.3354/aei00362 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 281-296

Author(s):

X Guo ◽

M Huang ◽

B Shi ◽

W You ◽

C Ke

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Ocean Acidification ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Fertilization Rate ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Crassostrea Angulata ◽

Haliotis Discus ◽

Free Metal ◽

Cu And Zn

Ocean acidification (OA) is usually thought to change the speciation of trace metals and increase the concentration of free metal ions, hence elevating metal bioavailability. In this study, embryos of the oyster Crassostrea angulata and abalone Haliotis discus hannai were cultured under 4 pCO2 conditions (400, 800, 1500 and 2000 µatm) with Cu and Zn added. Fertilization rate was measured 2 h post-fertilization (hpf), while larval deformation and larval shell length were measured 24 hpf. Our results show that OA can alleviate Cu and Zn inhibition of C. angulata fertilization by 86.1 and 26.4% respectively, and Zn inhibition of H. discus hannai fertilization by 43.7%. However, OA enhanced the inhibitory effect of Cu on fertilization of H. discus hannai by 34.7%. OA enhanced the toxic effect of Cu on larval normality of C. angulata by 22.0% and the effect of Cu and Zn on larval normality of H. discus hannai by 71.4 and 37.2%, respectively. OA also enhanced the inhibitory effects of Cu and Zn on larval calcification in H. discus hannai by 8.8 and 8.6%, respectively. However, OA did not change the effect of Cu on the calcification of C. angulata larvae. OA decreased Zn inhibition of oyster larval calcification from 3.1 to 1.5%. Based on our results, the toxic effects of metal on early development of molluscs are not always increased by rising pCO2 and differ across developmental stages, egg structure and species. This complexity suggests that caution should be taken when carrying out multiple environmental stressor tests on molluscan embryos.

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XRF and PIXE Analysis of light and Dark Adapted Ocular Tissue

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053619 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 190-191

Author(s):

B. J. Panessa ◽

H. W. Kraner ◽

J. B. Warren ◽

K. W. Jones

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Pigment Epithelium ◽

Nerve Impulse ◽

Light Response ◽

Ocular Tissue ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Retinol Dehydrogenase ◽

Pixe Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Optimal Function

During photoexcitation the retina requires specific electrolytes and trace metals for optimal function (Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca, S, P, Cu and Zn). According to Hagins (1981), photoexcitation and generation of a nerve impulse involves the movement of Ca from the rhodopsin-ladened membranes of the rod outer segment (ROS) to the plasmalemma, which in turn decreases the in-flow of Na into the photoreceptor, resulting in hyperpolarization. In toad isolated retinas, the presence of Ba has been found to increase the amplitude and prolong the delay of the light response (Brown and Flaming, 1978). Trace metals such as Cu, Zn and Se are essential for the activity of the metalloenzymes of the retina and retina pigment epithelium (RPE) (i.e. carbonic anhydrase, retinol dehydrogenase, tyrosinase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase...). Therefore the content and fluctuations of these elements in the retina and choroid are of fundamental importance for the maintenance of vision. This paper presents elemental data from light and dark adapted frog ocular tissues examined by electron beam induced x-ray microanalysis, x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and proton induced x-ray emission spectrometry (PIXE).

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Identifying Sources of Sulfate Aerosols Reaching Whiteface Mountain, NY

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100117546 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 98-101

Author(s):

James S. Webber

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Acid Deposition ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Dry Deposition ◽

Coal Combustion ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Sulfate Aerosols ◽

Wet And Dry Deposition ◽

Whiteface Mountain ◽

Toxic Trace Metals

INTRODUCTION“Acid rain” and “acid deposition” are terms no longer confined to the lexicon of atmospheric scientists and 1imnologists. Public awareness of and concern over this phenomenon, particularly as it affects acid-sensitive regions of North America, have increased dramatically in the last five years. Temperate ecosystems are suffering from decreased pH caused by acid deposition. Human health may be directly affected by respirable sulfates and by the increased solubility of toxic trace metals in acidified waters. Even man's monuments are deteriorating as airborne acids etch metal and stone features.Sulfates account for about two thirds of airborne acids with wet and dry deposition contributing equally to acids reaching surface waters or ground. The industrial Midwest is widely assumed to be the source of most sulfates reaching the acid-sensitive Northeast since S02 emitted as a byproduct of coal combustion in the Midwest dwarfs S02 emitted from all sources in the Northeast.

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