scholarly journals Comment on “Application of the Activity Framework for Assessing Aquatic Ecotoxicology Data for Organic Chemicals”

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 4139-4140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Uwe Goss ◽  
Satoshi Endo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Aquatic Ecotoxicology

Response to Comment on “Application of the Activity Framework for Assessing Aquatic Ecotoxicology Data for Organic Chemicals”

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 4141-4142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Thomas ◽  
Donald Mackay ◽  
Philipp Mayer ◽  
Jon Arnot ◽  
Malyka Galay Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Aquatic Ecotoxicology

scholarly journals Application of the Activity Framework for Assessing Aquatic Ecotoxicology Data for Organic Chemicals

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (20) ◽  
pp. 12289-12296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Thomas ◽  
James Dawick ◽  
Mark Lampi ◽  
Philippe Lemaire ◽  
Shaun Presow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Aquatic Ecotoxicology

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

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