Comment on “Comparison of Water Use for Hydraulic Fracturing for Unconventional Oil and Gas versus Conventional Oil”

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 6358-6359 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Lampert
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Unconventional Oil ◽  
Unconventional Oil And Gas ◽  
Conventional Oil

The Opportunities and Challenges of Unconventional Oil and Gas Development in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 1223-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Zhong Sun ◽  
Meng Gang Li ◽  
Ke Yao Jing ◽  
Pei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
Unconventional Oil ◽  
Unconventional Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Conventional Oil

With the conventional oil and gas development and consumption, unconventional oil and gas becomes more and more important. Unconventional oil and gas development in China should consider some opportunities and challenges. These include developed technique and success methods in other countries, the variable price of oil and gas, the quality and quantity of reserves distribution, taxes policies and the increasing quantity of oil and gas consumption and demand.

United States Experience Regulating Unconventional Oil and Gas Development

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Allison
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
Unconventional Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Unconventional Oil And Gas

ABSTRACT In the midst of aggressive anti-drilling campaigns by environmental organizations and well-publicized complaints by citizens unaccustomed to oil and gas operations, rigorous studies of unconventional oil and gas development show that there are no widespread or systemic impacts on drinking water resources in the United States. In addition, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions have significantly declined with the growth in natural gas production and its use in power generation. Furthermore, induced seismicity from subsurface waste disposal has plummeted in response to industry initiatives and new regulations. This record of environmental protection reflects the fact that U.S. hydraulic fracturing, like other oil and gas operations, is highly regulated by the states. In addition, air emissions, operations on federal lands, and subsurface injection are subject to federal regulation. Academic and government researchers have documented that chemicals and gas produced by hydraulic fracturing are not contaminating drinking water. However, as an added complication, methane occurs naturally in drinking water aquifers in some producing areas. In 2015, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) completed a four-year study of potential aquifer contamination from hydraulic fracturing and associated industry operations. The report found some impacts on drinking water including contamination of drinking water wells; however, the number of cases was small compared to the number of wells hydraulically fractured. The scientific peer-review and public critique of the study, which continues after more than a year, may recommend additional research. The emotionally charged, anti-fracking campaigns provided important lessons to U.S. operators: pre-drilling, baseline data on water and air quality are essential to answering public concerns; infrastructure issues such as increased truck traffic on small, local roads are important to residents; and the initial failure to disclose the composition of hydraulic fracturing fluid intensified public concern.

scholarly journals Adverse Reproductive and Developmental Health Outcomes Following Prenatal Exposure to a Hydraulic Fracturing Chemical Mixture in Female C57Bl/6 Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (9) ◽  
pp. 3469-3481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Kassotis ◽  
John J. Bromfield ◽  
Kara C. Klemp ◽  
Chun-Xia Meng ◽  
Andrew Wolfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Unconventional Oil ◽  
Gene Assay ◽  
Unconventional Oil And Gas

Unconventional oil and gas operations using hydraulic fracturing can contaminate surface and groundwater with endocrine-disrupting chemicals. We have previously shown that 23 of 24 commonly used hydraulic fracturing chemicals can activate or inhibit the estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, progesterone, and/or thyroid receptors in a human endometrial cancer cell reporter gene assay and that mixtures can behave synergistically, additively, or antagonistically on these receptors. In the current study, pregnant female C57Bl/6 dams were exposed to a mixture of 23 commonly used unconventional oil and gas chemicals at approximately 3, 30, 300, and 3000 μg/kg·d, flutamide at 50 mg/kg·d, or a 0.2% ethanol control vehicle via their drinking water from gestational day 11 through birth. This prenatal exposure to oil and gas operation chemicals suppressed pituitary hormone concentrations across experimental groups (prolactin, LH, FSH, and others), increased body weights, altered uterine and ovary weights, increased heart weights and collagen deposition, disrupted folliculogenesis, and other adverse health effects. This work suggests potential adverse developmental and reproductive health outcomes in humans and animals exposed to these oil and gas operation chemicals, with adverse outcomes observed even in the lowest dose group tested, equivalent to concentrations reported in drinking water sources. These endpoints suggest potential impacts on fertility, as previously observed in the male siblings, which require careful assessment in future studies.

scholarly journals The Development of Non-Conventional Oil and Gas in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Wiwiek Jumiati ◽  
David Maurich ◽  
Andi Wibowo ◽  
Indra Nurdiana
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Reservoir ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Unconventional Oil ◽  
Unconventional Oil And Gas ◽  
Shale Reservoir ◽  
Shale Reservoirs ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil And Gas Reservoir ◽  
Conventional Oil

Oil and gas fuel from unconventional types of reservoirs was the development of alternative sources in addition to oil and gas fuels from conventional type reservoirs that can be obtained to meet domestic needs. The development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs has developed rapidly outside Indonesia, such as in North America and Canada. One type of unconventional oil and gas reservoir was obtained from shale rock reservoirs. Hydrocarbon shale produced from shale formations, both source from rock and reservoir. This unconventional hydrocarbon has a big potential to be utilized. In this study, an analysis of the development of unconventional oil and gas from Shale Hydrocarbons carried out in Indonesia. This research included the distribution of shale reservoir basins, the number of unconventional shale reservoir resources, factors affecting the development of unconventional oil and gas in shale reservoirs in Indonesia, efforts made by the government to promote exploration activities, exploitation of shale reservoirs in Indonesia, and existing regulations for non-conventional oil and gas. The development of unconventional oil and gas reservoir shale needed to be developed immediately and will attract investors to meet domestic needs for renewable energy needs. From the geological data obtained, there were 6 basins and 11 formations that analyzed for commercialization. Tanjung and Batu Kelau Formation was a prospect formation from 4 desired data categories. In terms of regulation, it still needed improvement to increase the interest of upstream oil and gas entrepreneurs in the unconventional oil and gas shale reservoir. Research in the field of unconventional oil and gas exploitation technology for hydrocarbon shale needed to be improved.

scholarly journals Conceptual model to assess water use associated with the life cycle of unconventional oil and gas development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua F. Valder ◽  
Ryan R. McShane ◽  
Theodore B. Barnhart ◽  
Roy Sando ◽  
Janet M. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
Unconventional Oil ◽  
Unconventional Oil And Gas
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